Induction of Labour
Referenced to July 2008
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SOGC clinical practice guidelines. Guidelines for vaginal birth after previous caesarean birth. Number 155 (Replaces guideline Number 147), February 2005. Int.J.Gynaecol.Obstet. 2005;89:319-31. Link.
ACOG Committee Opinion No. 342: induction of labor for vaginal birth after cesarean delivery. Obstet.Gynecol. 2006;108:465-8. Link.
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Alfirevic Z,.Weeks A. Oral misoprostol for induction of labour. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2006;CD001338. Link.
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Crane J, Butler B, Young D, Hannah M. Misoprostol for labor induction in women at term with intact membranes and an unfavorable cervix: A systematic review. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2005;193:S40.
Crane JM,.Bennett KA. A META-ANALYSIS OF CONTROLLED-RELEASE PROSTAGLANDIN FOR CERVICAL RIPENING AND LABOUR INDUCTION. J.SOGC. 2000;22:692-8. Link.
Crane JM,.Young DC. Induction of labour with a favourable cervix and/or pre-labour rupture of membranes. Best.Pract.Res.Clin.Obstet.Gynaecol. 2003;17:795-809. Link.
Crane JM, Butler B, Young DC, Hannah ME. Misoprostol compared with prostaglandin E2 for labour induction in women at term with intact membranes and unfavourable cervix: a systematic review. BJOG. 2006;113:1366-76. Link.
Dare MR, Middleton P, Crowther CA, Flenady VJ, Varatharaju B. Planned early birth versus expectant management (waiting) for prelabour rupture of membranes at term (37 weeks or more). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2006. Link.
Dodd J,.Crowther C. Induction of labour for women with a previous Caesarean birth: a systematic review of the literature. Aust.N.Z.J.Obstet.Gynaecol. 2004;44:392-5. Link.
Duff P. Premature rupture of the membranes in term patients. Seminars in Perinatology 1996;20:401-8. Link.
El Refaey H,.Jauniaux E. Methods of induction of labour. Curr.Opin.Obstet.Gynecol. 1997;9:375-8. Link.
Enoch J. Misoprostol (Cytotec): a new method of inducing labor. Midwifery Today Int.Midwife. 1999;22-30. Link.
Ginath S,.Zakut HV. Misoprostol--for cervical ripening? Eur.J.Obstet.Gynecol.Reprod.Biol. 2001;99:152-3. Link..
Goldberg AB, Greenberg MB, Darney PD. Drug therapy: Misoprostol and pregnancy. New England Journal of Medicine 2001;344:38-47. Link.
Goldberg AB, Greenberg MB, Darney PD. Misoprostol and pregnancy. N.Engl.J.Med. 2001;344:38-47. Link.
Goldberg AB,.Wing DA. Induction of labor: the misoprostol controversy. J.Midwifery Womens Health 2003;48:244-8. Link.
Hadi H. Cervical ripening and labor induction: Clinical guidelines. Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology 2000;43:524-36. Link.
Harman JH, Jr.,.Kim A. Current trends in cervical ripening and labor induction. Am.Fam.Physician 1999;60:477-84. Link.
Hemmerling A. The safety of misoprostol. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 2006;94:S149-S150.
Hofmeyr GJ,.Gulmezoglu AM. Vaginal misoprostol for cervical ripening and labour induction in late pregnancy. Birth 1999;26:264. Link.
Hofmeyr GJ, Gulmezoglu AM, Alfirevic Z. Misoprostol for induction of labour: a systematic review. Br.J.Obstet.Gynaecol. 1999;106:798-803. Link.
Hofmeyr GJ,.Gulmezoglu AM. Vaginal misoprostol for cervical ripening and labour induction in late pregnancy. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2000;CD000941. Link.
Hofmeyr GJ. Induction of labour with misoprostol. Curr.Opin.Obstet.Gynecol. 2001;13:577-81. Link.
Hofmeyr GJ,.Gulmezoglu AM. Vaginal misoprostol for cervical ripening and induction of labour. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2001;CD000941. Link.
Hofmeyr GJ,.Gulmezoglu AM. Vaginal misoprostol for cervical ripening and induction of labour. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2003;CD000941. Link.
Hughes EG, Kelly AJ, Kavanagh J. Dinoprostone vaginal insert for cervical ripening and labor induction: a meta-analysis. Obstet.Gynecol. 2001;97:847-55. Link.
Justus HG. Induction of labour with an unfavourable cervix. Best.Pract.Res.Clin.Obstet.Gynaecol. 2003;17:777-94.
Kelly AJ, Kavanagh J, Thomas J. Vaginal prostaglandin (PGE2 and PGF2a) for induction of labour at term. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2003;CD003101. Link.
King TL. Clinical controversies: applying evidence in practice. J.Midwifery Womens Health 2003;48:243. Link.
Li XM, Wan J, Xu CF, Zhang Y, Fang L, Shi ZJ et al. Misoprostol in labour induction of term pregnancy: a meta-analysis. Chin Med.J.(Engl.) 2004;117:449-52. Link.
Lin MG, Nuthalapaty F, Carver A, Case A, Ramsey P. Misoprostol compared with placebo for labor induction in women with PROM: A meta-analysis. Obstetrics and Gynecology 2005;105:79S.
Lin MG, Nuthalapaty FS, Carver AR, Case AS, Ramsey PS. Misoprostol for labor induction in women with term premature rupture of membranes: a meta-analysis. Obstet.Gynecol. 2005;106:593-601. Link.
Lokugamage AU, Refaey HE, Rodeck CH. Misoprostol and pregnancy: ever-increasing indications of effective usage. Curr.Opin.Obstet.Gynecol. 2003;15:513-8. Link.
Mauldin JG,.Newman RB. Prior cesarean: a contraindication to labor induction? Clin.Obstet.Gynecol. 2006;49:684-97. Link.
McDonagh MS, Osterweil P, Guise JM. The benefits and risks of inducing labour in patients with prior caesarean delivery: a systematic review. Bjog-An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 2005;112:1007-15. Link.
McGill J. Shetty A. Mifepristone and misoprostol in the induction of labor at term. International Journal of Gynaecology & Obstetrics. 96(2):80-4, 2007 Feb. Link.
McLean MT. Labor induction with misoprostol: a midwife's perspective. Midwifery Today Int.Midwife. 1999;28. Link.
Moore ML. Misoprostol-is more research needed? J.Perinat.Educ. 2002;11:43-7. Link.
Morey SS. ACOG develops guidelines for induction of labor. Am.Fam.Physician 2000;62:445. Link.
Mozurkewich E. Management of premature rupture of membranes at term: An evidence-based approach. Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology 1999;42:749-56. Link.
Mozurkewich E. Prelabor rupture of membranes at term: induction techniques. Clin.Obstet.Gynecol. 2006;49:672-83. Link.
Muzonzini G,.Hofmeyr GJ. Buccal or sublingual misoprostol for cervical ripening and induction of labour. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2004;CD004221. Link.
O'Brien-Abel N. Uterine rupture during VBAC trial of labor: Risk factors and fetal response. Journal of Midwifery & Womens Health 2003;48:249-57. Link.
Peek MJ. Drugs for obstetric conditions. Best Practice & Research in Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology 2001;15:999-1011. Link.
Poma PA. Cervical ripening. A review and recommendations for clinical practice. J.Reprod.Med. 1999;44:657-68. Link.
Ramsey PS, Ramin KD, Ramin SM. Labor induction. Current Opinion in Obstetrics & Gynecology 2000;12:463-73. Link.
Rayburn WF. Preinduction cervical ripening: basis and methods of current practice. Obstet.Gynecol.Surv. 2002;57:683-92. Link.
Reichler A, Romem Y, Divon MY. Induction of labor. Curr.Opin.Obstet.Gynecol. 1995;7:432-6. Link.
Roberts LM. Homer CS. Davis GK. Miller TD. Misoprostol to induce labour: a review of its use in a NSW hospital. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 47(4):291-6, 2007 Aug. Link.
Sanchez-Ramos L, Kaunitz AM, Delke I, Gaudier FL. Cervical ripening and labor induction with a controlled-release dinoprostone vaginal insert: A meta-analysis. Obstetrics and Gynecology 1999;94:878-83. Link.
Sanchez-Ramos L,.Kaunitz AM. Misoprostol for cervical ripening and labor induction: a systematic review of the literature. Clin.Obstet.Gynecol. 2000;43:475-88. Link.
Sanchez-Ramos L, Kaunitz AM, Delke I. Labor induction with 25 microg versus 50 microg intravaginal misoprostol: a systematic review. Obstet.Gynecol. 2002;99:145-51. Link.
Sanchez-Ramos L,.Hsieh E. Pharmacologic methods for cervical ripening and labor induction. Curr.Womens Health Rep. 2003;3:55-60. Link.
Sitruk-Ware R. Mifepristone and misoprostol sequential regimen side effects, complications and safety. Contraception 2006;74:48-55. Link.
Song J. Use of misoprostol in obstetrics and gynecology. Obstet.Gynecol.Surv. 2000;55:503-10. Link.
Summers L. Methods of cervical ripening and labor induction. J.Nurse Midwifery 1997;42:71-85. Link.
Surbek DV, Hosli I, Holzgreve W. [Current aspects of labor induction]. Ther.Umsch. 2002;59:650-9. Link.
Taylor SJ,.Armour CL. Cost implications in the management of induction of labour. Pharmacoeconomics 1997;12:547-54. Link.
Templeton A. Misoprostol for all? Br.J.Obstet.Gynaecol. 1998;105:937-9.
Tenore JL. Methods for cervical ripening and induction of labor. Am.Fam.Physician 2003;67:2123-8. Link.
Tinelli A, Tinelli R, Tinelli FG. [Induction of labour: which method to use?]. Minerva Ginecol. 2003;55:463-82. Link.
Votipka JR. Misoprostol for cervical ripening and labor induction. J.Fam.Pract. 1997;45:20. Link.
Weaver SP, Cook J, Nashelsky J. Vaginal misoprostol for cervical ripening in term pregnancy. Am.Fam.Physician 2006;73:511-2. Link.
Weeks A,.Alfirevic Z. Oral misoprostol administration for labor induction. Clin.Obstet.Gynecol. 2006;49:658-71. Link.
Weeks A. Alfirevic Z. Faundes A. Hofmeyr GJ. Safar P. Wing D. Misoprostol for induction of labor with a live fetus. International Journal of Gynaecology & Obstetrics. 99 Suppl 2:S194-7, 2007 Dec. Link.
Wing DA. Labor induction with misoprostol. Am.J.Obstet.Gynecol. 1999;181:339-45. Link.
Wing DA. A benefit-risk assessment of misoprostol for cervical ripening and labour induction. Drug Saf 2002;25:665-76. Link.
Wing DA,.Gaffaney CA. Vaginal misoprostol administration for cervical ripening and labor induction. Clin.Obstet.Gynecol. 2006;49:627-41. Link.
Winkler M,.Rath W. A risk-benefit assessment of oxytocics in obstetric practice. Drug Safety 1999;20:323-45. Link.
Xenakis EMJ,.Piper JM. Chemotherapeutic induction of labour - A rational approach. Drugs 1997;54:61-8. Link.
Yulzari-Roll V, Hod M, Bar J. [New developments in labor induction]. Harefuah 2002;141:369-73, 408. Link.
Zust S, Hosli I, Surbek D, Holzgreve W. [Adverse effects of misprostol in pregnancy]. Z.Geburtshilfe Neonatol. 2001;205:43-8. Link.
Randomised Controlled Trials
Abramovici D, Goldwasser S, Mabie BC, Mercer BM, Goldwasser R, Sibai BM. A randomized comparison of oral misoprostol versus Foley catheter and oxytocin for induction of labor at term. Am.J.Obstet.Gynecol. 1999;181:1108-12.
Adair CD, Weeks JW, Barrilleaux S, Edwards M, Burlison K, Lewis DF. Oral or vaginal misoprostol administration for induction of labor: a randomized, double-blind trial. Obstet.Gynecol. 1998;92:810-3.
Adam I, Hassan OA, Elhassan EM. Oral misoprostol vs. vaginal misoprostol for cervical ripening and labor induction. Int.J.Gynaecol.Obstet. 2005;89:142-3.
Adeniji AO, Olayemi O, Odukogbe AA, Aimakhu CO, Oladokun A, Akindele FO et al. Comparison of changes in pre-induction cervical factors' scores following ripening with transcervical foley catheter and intravaginal misoprostol. Afr.J.Med.Med.Sci. 2005;34:377-82.
Adeniji AO, Olayemi O, Odukogbe AA, Oladokun A, Adeniji OI, Egbewale BE et al. Cervico-vaginal foetal fibronectin: a predictor of cervical response at pre-induction cervical ripening. West Afr.J.Med. 2005;24:334-7.
Adeniji OA, Oladokun A, Olayemi O, Adeniji OI, Odukogbe AA, Ogunbode O et al. Pre-induction cervical ripening: transcervical foley catheter versus intravaginal misoprostol. J.Obstet.Gynaecol. 2005;25:134-9.
Afolabi BB, Oyeneyin OL, Ogedengbe OK. Intravaginal misoprostol versus Foley catheter for cervical ripening and induction of labor. Int.J.Gynaecol.Obstet. 2005;89:263-7.
Agarwal N, Gupta A, Kriplani A, Bhatla N, Parul. Six hourly vaginal misoprostol versus intracervical dinoprostone for cervical ripening and labor induction. J.Obstet.Gynaecol.Res. 2003;29:147-51.
Al Hussaini TK, Abdel-Aal SA, Youssef MA. Oral misoprostol vs. intravenous oxytocin for labor induction in women with prelabor rupture of membranes at term. Int.J.Gynaecol.Obstet. 2003;82:73-5.
Ayad IA. Vaginal misoprostol in managing premature rupture of membranes. East Mediterr.Health J. 2002;8:515-20.
Barrilleaux PS, Bofill JA, Terrone DA, Magann EF, May WL, Morrison JC. Cervical ripening and induction of labor with misoprostol, dinoprostone gel, and a Foley catheter: a randomized trial of 3 techniques. Am.J.Obstet.Gynecol. 2002;186:1124-9.
Bartha JL, Comino-Delgado R, Garcia-Benasach F, Martinez-Del-Fresno P, Moreno-Corral LJ. Oral misoprostol and intracervical dinoprostone for cervical ripening and labor induction: a randomized comparison. Obstet.Gynecol. 2000;96:465-9.
Bartusevicius A, Barcaite E, Krikstolaitis R, Gintautas V, Nadisauskiene R. Sublingual compared with vaginal misoprostol for labour induction at term: a randomised controlled trial. BJOG. 2006;113:1431-7.
Bebbington M, Schmuel E, Pevzner L, Bernstein P, Dayal A, Barnhard J et al. Misoprostol versus dinoprostone for labor induction at term: A randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2003;189:S211.
Beigi A, Kabiri M, Zarrinkoub F. Cervical ripening with oral misoprostol at term. Int.J.Gynaecol.Obstet. 2003;83:251-5.
Belfrage P, Smedvig E, Gjessing L, Eggebo TM, Okland I. A randomized prospective study of misoprostol and dinoproston for induction of labor. Acta Obstet.Gynecol.Scand. 2000;79:1065-8.
Bennett KA, Butt K, Crane JM, Hutchens D, Young DC. A masked randomized comparison of oral and vaginal administration of misoprostol for labor induction. Obstet.Gynecol. 1998;92:481-6.
Bolnick J, Velazquez M, Leslie K, Rappaport R, Gonzalez J, McIlwain G et al. Randomized trial of sustained-release vaginal dinoprostone (PGE(2)) with concurrent oxytocin versusvaginal misoprostol (PGE(1)) for induction of labor term. Journal of Investigative Medicine 2003;51:S107.
Bolnick JM, Velazquez MD, Gonzalez JL, Rappaport VJ, McIlwain-Dunivan G, Rayburn WF. Randomized trial between two active labor management protocols in the presence of an unfavorable cervix. Am.J.Obstet.Gynecol. 2004;190:124-8.
Bonebrake R, Haag T, Fleming A, Temp M, Haynatzki G. Vaginal misoprostol is more effective with fewer side effects than oral misoprostol for cervical ripening and induction of labor. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2001;185:S204.
Bower DJ,.Meurer LN. Oral versus vaginal administration of misoprostol for labor induction. J.Fam.Pract. 1999;48:9-10.
Buccellato CA, Stika CS, Frederiksen MC. A randomized trial of misoprostol versus extra-amniotic sodium chloride infusion with oxytocin for induction of labor. Am.J.Obstet.Gynecol. 2000;182:1039-44.
Buser D, Mora G, Arias F. A randomized comparison between misoprostol and dinoprostone for cervical ripening and labor induction in patients with unfavorable cervices. Obstet.Gynecol. 1997;89:581-5.
Butler B, Crane J, Delaney T, Hutchens D, Harnett J. Induction of labour with misoprostol in women at term with an unfavorable cervix: A randomized comparison of oral and vaginal administration. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2004;191:S190.
Butt KD, Bennett KA, Crane JM, Hutchens D, Young DC. Randomized comparison of oral misoprostol and oxytocin for labor induction in term prelabor membrane rupture. Obstet.Gynecol. 1999;94:994-9.
Byrne JD, Wing DA, Fraser M, Fassett MJ, Goodwin TM, Challis JR. Mifepristone: effect on plasma corticotropin-releasing hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and cortisol in term pregnancy. J.Perinatol. 2004;24:416-20.
Caliskan E, Bodur H, Ozeren S, Corakci A, Ozkan S, Yucesoy I. Misoprostol 50 microg sublingually versus vaginally for labor induction at term: a randomized study. Gynecol.Obstet.Invest 2005;59:155-61.
Campos GA, Guzman S, Rodriguez JG, Voto LS, Margulies M. [Misoprostol--a PGE1 analog for induction of labor at term: comparative and randomized study with oxytocin]. Rev.Chil.Obstet.Ginecol. 1994;59:190-5.
Carlan SJ, Bouldin S, O'brien WF. Extemporaneous preparation of misoprostol gel for cervical ripening: a randomized trial. Obstet.Gynecol. 1997;90:911-5.
Carlan SJ, Bouldin S, Blust D, O'brien WF. Safety and efficacy of misoprostol orally and vaginally: a randomized trial. Obstet.Gynecol. 2001;98:107-12.
Carlan SJ, Blust D, O'brien WF. Buccal versus intravaginal misoprostol administration for cervical ripening. Am.J.Obstet.Gynecol. 2002;186:229-33.
Cecatti JG, Tedesco RP, Pires HM, Calderon IM, Faundes A. Effectiveness and safety of a new vaginal misoprostol product specifically labeled for cervical ripening and labor induction. Acta Obstet.Gynecol.Scand. 2006;85:706-11.
Chang CH,.Chang FM. Randomized comparison of misoprostol and dinoprostone for preinduction cervical ripening and labor induction. J.Formos.Med.Assoc. 1997;96:366-9.
Chang YK, Chen WH, Yu MH, Liu HS. Intracervical misoprostol and prostaglandin E2 for labor induction. Int.J.Gynaecol.Obstet. 2003;80:23-8.
Chanrachakul B, Herabutya Y, Punyavachira P. Randomized trial of isosorbide mononitrate versus misoprostol for cervical ripening at term. Int.J.Gynaecol.Obstet. 2002;78:139-45.
Chao A, El Sayed YY, Sapugay AM. Does nifedipine prevent the tachysystole associated with misoprostol induction? J.Matern.Fetal Neonatal Med. 2002;11:266-9.
Charoenkul S,.Sripramote M. A randomized comparison of one single dose of vaginal 50 microg misoprostol with 3 mg dinoprostone in pre-induction cervical ripening. J.Med.Assoc.Thai. 2000;83:1026-34.
Chen DC, Ku CH, Huang YC, Chen CH, Wu GJ. Urinary nitric oxide metabolite changes in spontaneous and induced onset active labor. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 2004;83:641-6.
Chen DC, Yuan SS, Su HY, Lo SC, Ren SS, Wu GJ. Urinary cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate and cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate changes in spontaneous and induced onset active labor. Acta Obstet.Gynecol.Scand. 2005;84:1081-6.
Cheung PC, Yeo EL, Wong KS, Tang LC. Oral misoprostol for induction of labor in prelabor rupture of membranes (PROM) at term: a randomized control trial. Acta Obstet.Gynecol.Scand. 2006;85:1128-33.
Chuck FJ,.Huffaker BJ. Labor induction with intravaginal misoprostol versus intracervical prostaglandin E2 gel (Prepidil gel): randomized comparison. Am.J.Obstet.Gynecol. 1995;173:1137-42.
Chung JH, Huang WH, Rumney PJ, Garite TJ, Nageotte MP. A prospective randomized controlled trial that compared misoprostol, Foley catheter, and combination misoprostol-Foley catheter for labor induction. Am.J.Obstet.Gynecol. 2003;189:1031-5.
Colon I, Clawson K, Hunter K, Druzin ML, Taslimi MM. Prospective randomized clinical trial of inpatient cervical ripening with stepwise oral misoprostol vs vaginal misoprostol. Am.J.Obstet.Gynecol. 2005;192:747-52.
Crane JM, Delaney T, Hutchens D. Oral misoprostol for premature rupture of membranes at term. Am.J.Obstet.Gynecol. 2003;189:720-4.
Culver J, Strauss RA, Brody S, Dorman K, Timlin S, McMahon MJ. A randomized trial comparing vaginal misoprostol versus Foley catheter with concurrent oxytocin for labor induction in nulliparous women. Am.J.Perinatol. 2004;21:139-46.
da Graca KF, Cecatti JG, Castro Surita FG, Milanez HM, Parpinelli MA. Misoprostol versus expectant management in premature rupture of membranes at term. BJOG. 2005;112:1284-90.
Dallen-Bach P, Boulvain M, Viardot C, Irion O. Oral Misoprostol or vaginal Dinoprostone for labor induction? Randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2001;185:S108.
Danielian P, Porter B, Ferri N, Summers J, Templeton A. Misoprostol for induction of labour at term: a more effective agent than dinoprostone vaginal gel. Br.J.Obstet.Gynaecol. 1999;106:793-7.
de Aquino MM,.Cecatti JG. Misoprostol versus oxytocin for labor induction in term and post-term pregnancy: randomized controlled trial. Sao Paulo Med.J. 2003;121:102-6.
de la TS, Gilson GJ, Flores S, Curet LB, Qualls CE, Rayburn WF. Is high-dose misoprostol able to lower the incidence of cesarean section? A randomized controlled trial. J.Matern.Fetal Med. 2001;10:85-90.
De A, Bagga R, Gopalan S. The routine use of oxytocin after oral misoprostol for labour induction in women with an unfavourable cervix is not of benefit. Aust.N.Z.J.Obstet.Gynaecol. 2006;46:323-9.
Delaney T, Crane JM, Hutchens D, Fanning CA, Young DC. Induction of labor with intravaginal misoprostol: A comparison of dosing intervals. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2001;185:S202.
Denguezli W, Trimech A, Haddad A, Hajjaji A, Saidani Z, Faleh R et al. Efficacy and safety of six hourly vaginal misoprostol versus intracervical dinoprostone: a randomized controlled trial. Arch.Gynecol.Obstet. 2007.
Diro M, Adra A, Gilles JM, Nassar A, Rodriguez A, Salamat SM et al. A double-blind randomized trial of two dose regimens of misoprostol for cervical ripening and labor induction. J.Matern.Fetal Med. 1999;8:114-8.
Dodd JM, Crowther CA, Robinson JS. Morning compared with evening induction of labor: a nested randomized controlled trial. A nested randomized controlled trial. Obstet.Gynecol. 2006;108:350-60.
Dodd JM, Crowther CA, Robinson JS. Oral misoprostol for induction of labour at term: randomised controlled trial. British Medical Journal 2006;332:509-11.
Dodd JM, Crowther CA, Robinson JS. Oral misoprostol for induction of labour at term: randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2006;332:509-13.
Echeverria E,.Rocha M. [Randomized comparative study of induced labor with oxytocin and misoprostol in prolonged pregnancies]. Rev.Chil.Obstet.Ginecol. 1995;60:108-11.
El Sherbiny MT, El Gharieb IH, Gewely HA. Vaginal misoprostol for induction of labor: 25 vs. 50 microg dose regimen. Int.J.Gynaecol.Obstet. 2001;72:25-30.
Elhassan EM, Mirghani OA, Adam I. Misoprostol vs. oxytocin for induction of labor. Int.J.Gynaecol.Obstet. 2005;91:254-5.
Elhassan EM, Mirghani OA, Adam I. Cervical ripening and labor induction with 25 microg vs. 50 microg of intravaginal misoprostol. Int.J.Gynaecol.Obstet. 2005;90:234-5.
Elhassan EM, Nasr AM, Adam I. Sublingual compared with oral and vaginal misoprostol for labor induction. Int.J.Gynaecol.Obstet. 2007;97:153-4.
Elhassan M, Mirghani OA, Adam I. Intravaginal misoprostol vs. dinoprostone as cervical ripening and labor-inducing agents. Int.J.Gynaecol.Obstet. 2004;85:285-6.
Elhassan EM. Nasr AM. Adam I. Sublingual compared with oral and vaginal misoprostol for labor induction. International Journal of Gynaecology & Obstetrics. 97(2):153-4, 2007 May.
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