Termination of Pregnancy (First Trimester)

References to July 2007 (427 references)

 

Review Articles

 

 Medical methods of early abortion in developing countries. Consensus statement. The Population Council. Contraception 1998;58:257-9.

 ACOG Practice Bulletin. Clinical management guidelines for obstetrician-gynecologists. Medical management of abortion. Obstet.Gynecol. 2001;97:suppl-13.

[Anon]. Co-administration of mifepristone and vaginal misoprostol for medical abortion may be as effective as sequential administration. Reproductive Health Matters 2006;14:236-7.

Althaus F. As a medical abortion regimen, misoprostol alone is not highly effective, but rarely causes side effects. Family Planning Perspectives 1996;28:180-1.

Aubeny E,.Baulieu EE. Contragestion with Ru486 and An Orally Active Prostaglandin. Comptes Rendus de l Academie des Sciences Serie Iii-Sciences de la Vie-Life Sciences 1991;312:539-45.

Aubeny E. Methods of abortion in Europe during the first trimester of pregnancy. Eur.J.Contracept.Reprod.Health Care 1997;2:75-80.

Aubeny E. Evolution since 1989 in France of abortion by mifepristone (RU 486) associated with an analogue of prostaglandin. Contraception Fertilite Sexualite 1997;25:777-81.

Baird DT. Clinical use of mifepristone (RU 486). Ann.Med. 1993;25:65-9.

Baird DT. Medical abortion in Britain. Br.J.Obstet.Gynaecol. 1994;101:367-8.

Baird DT. Medical abortion in the first trimester. Best.Pract.Res.Clin.Obstet.Gynaecol. 2002;16:221-36.

Baulieu EE. The combined use of prostaglandin and antiprogestin in human fertility control. Adv.Prostaglandin Thromboxane Leukot.Res. 1995;23:55-62.

Beal MW,.Simmonds K. Clinical uses of mifepristone: an update for women's health practitioners. J.Midwifery Womens Health 2002;47:451-60.

Bechard dS. [Use of misoprostol in gynecology and obstetrics]. Gynecol.Obstet.Fertil. 2002;30:317-24.

Berer M. Medical abortion: Issues of choice and acceptability. Reproductive Health Matters 2005;13:25-34.

Berer M. Medical abortion: a fact sheet. Reprod.Health Matters. 2005;13:20-4.

Blanchard K, Winikoff B, Ellertson C. Misoprostol used alone for the termination of early pregnancy. A review of the evidence. Contraception 1999;59:209-17.

Blanchard K, Winikoff B, Coyaji K, Nguyen TN. Misoprostol alone--a new method of medical abortion? J.Am.Med.Womens Assoc. 2000;55:189-90.

Bygdeman M, Swahn ML, Gemzell-Danielsson K, Gottlieb C. The use of progesterone antagonists in combination with prostaglandin for termination of pregnancy. Hum.Reprod. 1994;9 Suppl 1:121-5.

Bygdeman M, Gemzell DK, Marions L, Swahn M. Pregnancy termination. Steroids 2000;65:801-5.

Bygdeman M,.Danielsson KG. Options for early therapeutic abortion: a comparative review. Drugs 2002;62:2459-70.

Cheng L. Medical abortion in early pregnancy: experience in China. Contraception 2006;74:61-5.

Christin-Maitre S, Bouchard P, Spitz IM. Medical termination of pregnancy. N.Engl.J.Med. 2000;342:946-56.

Christin-Maitre S, Bouchard P, Spitz IM. Drug therapy - Medical termination of pregnancy. New England Journal of Medicine 2000;342:946-56.

Clark WH, Gold M, Grossman D, Winikoff B. Can mifepristone medical abortion be simplified? A review of the evidence and questions for future research. Contraception 2007;75:245-50.

Coyaji K. Early medical abortion in India: three studies and their implications for abortion services. J.Am.Med.Womens Assoc. 2000;55:191-4.

Creinin MD,.Edwards J. Early abortion: Surgical and medical options. Current Problems in Obstetrics Gynecology and Fertility 1997;20:6-32.

Creinin MD,.Pymar HC. Medical abortion alternatives to mifepristone. J.Am.Med.Womens Assoc. 2000;55:127-32, 150.

Creinin MD. Medical abortion regimens: historical context and overview. Am.J.Obstet.Gynecol. 2000;183:S3-S9.

Creinin MD. Current medical abortion care. Curr.Womens Health Rep. 2003;3:461-9.

Daley J,.Grimes DA. A 26-year-old woman seeking an abortion - Discussion. Jama-Journal of the American Medical Association 1999;282:1169-75.

De Costa CM. Early medical abortion in Australia: more common than statistics suggest? Medical Journal of Australia 2006;185:341.

de Poncheville L, Marret H, Perrotin F, Lansac J, Body G. [Spontaneous abortions of first trimester pregnancy: is uterine aspiration still in line?]. Gynecol.Obstet.Fertil. 2002;30:799-806.

DeHart RM,.Morehead MS. Mifepristone. Ann.Pharmacother. 2001;35:707-19.

Ferris LE,.Basinski AS. Medical abortion: what does the research tell us? CMAJ. 1996;154:185-7.

Foster AM, Wynn L, Rouhana A, Diaz-Olavarrieta C, Schaffer K, Trussell J. Providing medication abortion information to diverse communities: use patterns of a multilingual web site. Contraception 2006;74:264-71.

Gallo MF, Cahill S, Castleman L, Mitchell EM. A systematic review of more than one dose of misoprostol after mifepristone for abortion up to 10 weeks of gestation. Contraception 2006;74:36-41.

Ganatra B, Bygdeman M, Phan BT, Nguyen DV, Vu ML. From research to reality: the challenges of introducing medical abortion into service delivery in Vietnam. Reprod.Health Matters. 2004;12:105-13.

Gold M, Luks D, Anderson MR. Medical options for early pregnancy termination. Am.Fam.Physician 1997;56:533-8.

Goldberg AB, Greenberg MB, Darney PD. Drug therapy: Misoprostol and pregnancy. New England Journal of Medicine 2001;344:38-47.

Goldberg AB, Greenberg MB, Darney PD. Misoprostol and pregnancy. N.Engl.J.Med. 2001;344:38-47.

Goldberg JR, Plescia MG, Anastasio GD. Mifepristone (RU 486): current knowledge and future prospects. Arch.Fam.Med. 1998;7:219-22.

Grimes DA. Mifepristone (RU 486) for induced abortion. Womens Health Issues 1993;3:171-5.

Grimes DA. Medical abortion in early pregnancy: a review of the evidence. Obstet.Gynecol. 1997;89:790-6.

Grimes DA,.Creinin MD. Induced abortion: an overview for internists. Ann.Intern.Med. 2004;140:620-6.

Grossman D, Ellertson C, Grimes DA, Walker D. Routine follow-up visits after first-trimester induced abortion. Obstetrics and Gynecology 2004;103:738-45.

Guengant JP, Bangou J, Elul B, Ellertson C. Mifepristone-misoprostol medical abortion: home administration of misoprostol in Guadeloupe. Contraception 1999;60:167-72.

Gupta S. Early non-surgical abortion - give women the choice. Human Reproduction 1998;13:2379-81.

Hamoda H,.Flett GM. Medical termination of pregnancy in the early first trimester. J.Fam.Plann.Reprod.Health Care 2005;31:10-4.

Henshaw RC. Mifepristone (RU486) and abortion. Med.J.Aust. 1997;167:292-3.

Ho PC, Yu Ng EH, Tang OS. Mifepristone: contraceptive and non-contraceptive uses. Curr.Opin.Obstet.Gynecol. 2002;14:325-30.

Hollander D. Mifepristone and Vaginal Misoprostol Are Effective, Acceptable and Inexpensive Medical Abortion Regimen. Family Planning Perspectives 1995;27:223-4.

Joffe C,.Yanow S. Advanced practice clinicians as abortion providers: Current developments in the United States. Reproductive Health Matters 2004;12:198-206.

Kahn JG, Becker BJ, MacIsaa L, Amory JK, Neuhaus J, Olkin I et al. The efficacy of medical abortion: a meta-analysis. Contraception 2000;61:29-40.

Kulier R, Gulmezoglu AM, Hofmeyr GJ, Cheng LN, Campana A. Medical methods for first trimester abortion. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2004;CD002855.

Lokugamage AU, Refaey HE, Rodeck CH. Misoprostol and pregnancy: ever-increasing indications of effective usage. Curr.Opin.Obstet.Gynecol. 2003;15:513-8.

Lourenco AP, Reuse C, de Ziegler D. [Early pregnancy termination: what the generalist should know]. Rev.Med.Suisse 2006;2:1340-5.

Mackenzie SJ,.Yeo S. Pregnancy interruption using mifepristone (RU-486). A new choice for women in the USA. J.Nurse Midwifery 1997;42:86-90.

Mathai M. Preventing unsafe abortion in India. Indian J.Med.Res. 2005;122:98-9.

Meckstroth KR,.Darney PD. Prostaglandins for first-trimester termination. Best.Pract.Res.Clin.Obstet.Gynaecol. 2003;17:745-63.

Moore ML. Misoprostol-is more research needed? J.Perinat.Educ. 2002;11:43-7.

Moreno-Ruiz NL, Borgatta L, Yanow S, Kapp N, Wiebe ER, Winikoff B. Alternatives to mifepristone for early medical abortion. Int.J.Gynaecol.Obstet. 2007;96:212-8.

Murray S,.Muse K. Mifepristone and first trimester abortion. Clin.Obstet.Gynecol. 1996;39:474-85.

Narrigan D. Early abortion - Update and implications for midwifery practice. Journal of Nurse-Midwifery 1998;43:492-501.

Narrigan D. Early abortion. Update and implications for midwifery practice. J.Nurse Midwifery 1998;43:492-501.

Newhall EP,.Winikoff B. Abortion with mifepristone and misoprostol: regimens, efficacy, acceptability and future directions. Am.J.Obstet.Gynecol. 2000;183:S44-S53.

Norman JE, Thong KJ, Baird DT. Uterine contractility and induction of abortion in early pregnancy by misoprostol and mifepristone. Lancet 1991;338:1233-6.

Nothnagle M,.Taylor JS. Medical methods for first-trimester abortion. Am.Fam.Physician 2004;70:81-3.

Paul M. Office management of early induced abortion. Clin.Obstet.Gynecol. 1999;42:290-305.

Paul M, Schaff E, Nichols M. The roles of clinical assessment, human chorionic gonadotropin assays, and ultrasonography in medical abortion practice. Am.J.Obstet.Gynecol. 2000;183:S34-S43.

Peplow PV. RU486 combined with PGE1 analog in voluntary termination of early pregnancy--a comparison of recent findings with gemeprost or misoprostol. Contraception 1994;50:69-75.

Philip NM, Winikoff B, Moore K, Blumenthal P. A consensus regimen for early abortion with misoprostol. Int.J.Gynaecol.Obstet. 2004;87:281-3.

Pymar HC,.Creinin MD. Alternatives to mifepristone regimens for medical abortion. Am.J.Obstet.Gynecol. 2000;183:S54-S64.

Say L, Kulier R, Gulmezoglu M, Campana A. Medical versus surgical methods for first trimester termination of pregnancy. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2002;CD003037.

Say L, Kulier R, Gulmezoglu M, Campana A. Medical versus surgical methods for first trimester termination of pregnancy. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2005;CD003037.

Schaff EA, Eisinger SH, Stadalius LS. Weighing The Options In Medical Abortion. Medscape.Womens Health 1997;2:1.

Schaff EA,.Fielding SL. A comparison of the Abortion Rights Mobilization and Population Council trials. J.Am.Med.Womens Assoc. 2000;55:137-40.

Scheepers HC, van Erp EJ, van den Bergh AS. Use of misoprostol in first and second trimester abortion: a review. Obstet.Gynecol.Surv. 1999;54:592-600.

Schreiber C,.Creinin M. Mifepristone in abortion care. Seminars in Reproductive Medicine 2005;23:82-91.

Shannon C, Brothers LP, Philip NM, Winikoff B. Infection after medical abortion: a review of the literature. Contraception 2004;70:183-90.

Shannon C, Brothers LP, Philip NM, Winikoff B. Ectopic pregnancy and medical abortion. Obstetrics and Gynecology 2004;104:161-7.

Sitruk-Ware R. Mifepristone and misoprostol sequential regimen side effects, complications and safety. Contraception 2006;74:48-55.

Song J. Use of misoprostol in obstetrics and gynecology. Obstet.Gynecol.Surv. 2000;55:503-10.

Stubblefield PG, Carr-Ellis S, Borgatta L. Methods for induced abortion. Obstet.Gynecol. 2004;104:174-85.

Tang OS,.Ho PC. The use of misoprostol for early pregnancy failure. Curr.Opin.Obstet.Gynecol. 2006;18:581-6.

Tang OS,.Ho PC. The pharmacokinetics and different regimens of misoprostol in early first-trimester medical abortion. Contraception 2006;74:26-30.

Tang OS,.Ho PC. Clinical applications of mifepristone. Gynecological Endocrinology 2006;22:655-9.

Templeton A. Misoprostol for all? Br.J.Obstet.Gynaecol. 1998;105:937-9.

Trupin SR,.Moreno C. Medical abortion: overview and management. Medscape.Womens Health 2001;6:4.

Trussell J,.Ellertson C. Estimating the efficacy of medical abortion. Contraception 1999;60:119-35.

Ulmann A,.Silvestre L. RU486: the French experience. Hum.Reprod. 1994;9 Suppl 1:126-30.

Van Look PFA,.Cottingham JC. Unsafe abortion: an avoidable tragedy. Best Practice & Research in Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology 2002;16:205-20.

von Hertzen H. Research on regimens for early medical abortion. J.Am.Med.Womens Assoc. 2000;55:133-6, 150.

von Hertzen H,.Baird D. Frequently asked questions about medical abortion. Contraception 2006;74:3-10.

Westfall JM, O'Brien-Gonzales A, Barley G. Update on early medical and surgical abortion. J.Womens Health 1998;7:991-5.

Wu S. Medical abortion in China. J.Am.Med.Womens Assoc. 2000;55:197-9, 204.

Zust S, Hosli I, Surbek D, Holzgreve W. Side effects of Misoprostol therapy during pregnancy. Zeitschrift fur Geburtshilfe und Neonatologie 2001;205:43-8.

Zust S, Hosli I, Surbek D, Holzgreve W. [Adverse effects of misprostol in pregnancy]. Z.Geburtshilfe Neonatol. 2001;205:43-8.

 

 

 

Clinical Studies

 

Randomised Controlled Trials

 

 Comparison of two doses of mifepristone in combination with misoprostol for early medical abortion: a randomised trial. World Health Organisation Task Force on Post-ovulatory Methods of Fertility Regulation. BJOG. 2000;107:524-30.

[Anon]. Abortion with vaginal misoprostol alone - 88% effective. Reproductive Health Matters 2002;10:192.

Aronsson A, Bygdeman M, Gemzell-Danielsson K. Effects of misoprostol on uterine contractility following different routes of administration. Hum.Reprod. 2004;19:81-4.

Arvidsson C, Hellborg M, Gemzell-Danielsson K. Preference and acceptability of oral versus vaginal administration of misoprostol in medical abortion with mifepristone. Eur.J.Obstet.Gynecol.Reprod.Biol. 2005;123:87-91.

Ashok PW, Kidd A, Flett GM, Fitzmaurice A, Graham W, Templeton A. A randomized comparison of medical abortion and surgical vacuum aspiration at 10-13 weeks gestation. Hum.Reprod. 2002;17:92-8.

Ashok PW, Hamoda H, Flett GMM, Kidd A, Fitzmaurice A, Templeton A. Patient preference in a randomized study comparing medical and surgical abortion at 10-13 weeks gestation. Contraception 2005;71:143-8.

Aubeny E,.Chatellier G. A randomized comparison of mifepristone and self-administered oral or vaginal misoprostol for early abortion. Eur.J.Contracept.Reprod.Health Care 2000;5:171-6.

Baird DT, Sukcharoen N, Thong KJ. Randomized trial of misoprostol and cervagem in combination with a reduced dose of mifepristone for induction of abortion. Hum.Reprod. 1995;10:1521-7.

Bartley J, Brown A, Elton R, Baird DT. Double-blind randomized trial of mifepristone in combination with vaginal gemeprost or misoprostol for induction of abortion up to 63 days gestation. Hum.Reprod. 2001;16:2098-102.

Bhattacharya M, Das SK, Gopalakrishnan K, Kodkany BS, Mukherjee GG, Mukherjee K et al. A multicentre randomized comparative clinical trial of 200 mg RU486 (mifepristone) single dose followed by either 5 mg 9-methylene PGE(2) gel (meteneprost) or 600 mu g oral PGE(1) (misoprostol) for termination of early pregnancy within 28 days of missed menstrual period. Contraception 2000;62:125-30.

Blanchard K, Shochet T, Coyaji K, Thi Nhu NN, Winikoff B. Misoprostol alone for early abortion: an evaluation of seven potential regimens. Contraception 2005;72:91-7.

Blohm F, Friden BE, Milsom I, Platz-Christensen JJ, Nielsen S. A randomised double blind trial comparing misoprostol or placebo in the management of early miscarriage. BJOG. 2005;112:1090-5.

Bugalho A, Faundes A, Jamisse L, Usfa M, Maria E, Bique C. Evaluation of the effectiveness of vaginal misoprostol to induce first trimester abortion. Contraception 1996;53:244-6.

Burnett MA, Corbett CA, Gertenstein RJ. A randomized trial of laminaria tents versus vaginal misoprostol for cervical ripening in first trimester surgical abortion. J.Obstet.Gynaecol.Can. 2005;27:38-42.

Carbonell IEJ, Velazco A, Varela L, Cabezas E, Fernandez C, Sanchez C. Misoprostol 3, 4, or 5 days after methotrexate for early abortion. A randomized trial. Contraception 1997;56:169-74.

Carbonell JL, Varela L, Velazco A, Cabezas E, Fernandez C, Sanchez C. Oral methotrexate and vaginal misoprostol for early abortion. Contraception 1998;57:83-8.

Chen AY, Mottl-Santiago J, Vragovic O, Wasserman S, Borgatta L. Bleeding after medication-induced termination of pregnancy with two dosing schedules of mifepristone and misoprostol. Contraception 2006;73:415-9.

Chen HJ, Lin YH, Hwang JL. Medical abortion in combination with laminaria for first-trimester termination of pregnancy. Int.J.Gynaecol.Obstet. 2004;85:279-80.

Cheng L. [Termination of 10-16 weeks's gestation with mifepristone plus misoprostol: a multicentre randomized clinical trial]. Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke.Za Zhi. 1999;34:268-71.

Coyaji K, Krishna U, Ambardekar S, Bracken H, Raote V, Mandlekar A et al. Are two doses of misoprostol after mifepristone for early abortion better than one? BJOG. 2007;114:271-8.

Creinin MD,.Vittinghoff E. Methotrexate and misoprostol vs misoprostol alone for early abortion. A randomized controlled trial. JAMA 1994;272:1190-5.

Creinin MD, Vittinghoff E, Galbraith S, Klaisle C. A randomized trial comparing misoprostol three and seven days after methotrexate for early abortion. Am.J.Obstet.Gynecol. 1995;173:1578-84.

Creinin MD. Oral methotrexate and vaginal misoprostol for early abortion. Contraception 1996;54:15-8.

Creinin MD,.Krohn MA. Methotrexate pharmacokinetics and effects in women receiving methotrexate 50 mg and 60 mg per square meter for early abortion. Am.J.Obstet.Gynecol. 1997;177:1444-9.

Creinin MD, Stewart-Akers AM, DeLoia JA. Methotrexate effects on trophoblast and the corpus luteum in early pregnancy. Am.J.Obstet.Gynecol. 1998;179:604-9.

Creinin MD, Carbonell JL, Schwartz JL, Varela L, Tanda R. A randomized trial of the effect of moistening misoprostol before vaginal administration when used with methotrexate for abortion. Contraception 1999;59:11-6.

Creinin MD. Randomized comparison of efficacy, acceptability and cost of medical versus surgical abortion. Contraception 2000;62:117-24.

Creinin MD, Pymar HC, Schwartz JL. Mifepristone 100 mg in abortion regimens. Obstet.Gynecol. 2001;98:434-9.

Creinin MD, Schwartz JL, Pymar HC, Fink W. Efficacy of mifepristone followed on the same day by misoprostol for early termination of pregnancy: report of a randomised trial. BJOG. 2001;108:469-73.

Creinin MD, Fox MC, Teal S, Chen A, Schaff EA, Meyn LA. A randomized comparison of misoprostol 6 to 8 hours versus 24 hours after mifepristone for abortion. Obstet.Gynecol. 2004;103:851-9.

Creinin MD, Schreiber CA, Bednarek P, Lintu H, Wagner MS, Meyn LA. Mifepristone and misoprostol administered simultaneously versus 24 hours apart for abortion: a randomized controlled trial. Obstet.Gynecol. 2007;109:885-94.

El Refaey H,.Templeton A. Early abortion induction by a combination of mifepristone and oral misoprostol: a comparison between two dose regimens of misoprostol and their effect on blood pressure. Br.J.Obstet.Gynaecol. 1994;101:792-6.

El Refaey H, Rajasekar D, Abdalla M, Calder L, Templeton A. Induction of abortion with mifepristone (RU 486) and oral or vaginal misoprostol. N.Engl.J.Med. 1995;332:983-7.

Esteve JLC, Varela L, Velazco A, Tanda R, Sanchez C. 25 mg or 50 mg of oral methotrexate followed by vaginal misoprostol 7 days after for early abortion - A randomized trial. Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation 1999;47:182-7.

Fiala C, Aronsson A, Stephansson O, Gemzell-Danielsson K. Effects of slow release misoprostol on uterine contractility in early pregnancy. Hum.Reprod. 2005;20:2648-52.

Guest J, Chien P, Thomson M, Kosseim ML. Randomised controlled trial comparing efficacy of same day administration of mifepristone and misoprostol for termination of pregnancy with the standard 36- to 48-hour protocol. BJOG. 2005;112:1457.

Guest J, Chien PF, Thomson MA, Kosseim ML. Randomised controlled trial comparing the efficacy of same-day administration of mifepristone and misoprostol for termination of pregnancy with the standard 36 to 48 hour protocol. BJOG. 2007;114:207-15.

Hamoda H, Ashok PW, Flett GM, Templeton A. A randomised controlled trial of mifepristone in combination with misoprostol administered sublingually or vaginally for medical abortion up to 13 weeks of gestation. BJOG. 2005;112:1102-8.

Henry AM,.Haukkamaa M. Comparison of vaginal misoprostol and gemeprost as pre-treatment in first trimester pregnancy interruption. Br.J.Obstet.Gynaecol. 1999;106:540-3.

Honkanen H, Piaggio G, Hertzen H, Bartfai G, Erdenetungalag R, Gemzell-Danielsson K et al. WHO multinational study of three misoprostol regimens after mifepristone for early medical abortion. BJOG. 2004;111:715-25.

Huang L, Shi Y, Chen X. [The immunohistochemical studies on estradiol and progesterone receptors in human decidua after terminating early pregnancy by mifepristone]. Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke.Za Zhi. 1999;34:275-7.

Jain JK,.Mishell DR. Comparison of Intravaginal Misoprostol with Prostaglandin-E(2) for Termination of 2Nd-Trimester Pregnancy. New England Journal of Medicine 1994;331:290-3.

Jain JK, Meckstroth KR, Park M, Mishell DR, Jr. A comparison of tamoxifen and misoprostol to misoprostol alone for early pregnancy termination. Contraception 1999;60:353-6.

Jain JK, Dutton C, Harwood B, Meckstroth KR, Mishell DR, Jr. A prospective randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial comparing mifepristone and vaginal misoprostol to vaginal misoprostol alone for elective termination of early pregnancy. Hum.Reprod. 2002;17:1477-82.

Jing X,.Weng L. [A study on the optimal regimen of mifepristone with prostaglandin for termination of early pregnancy]. Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke.Za Zhi. 1995;30:38-41.

Khazardoost S, Hantoushzadeh S, Madani MM. A randomised trial of two regimens of vaginal misoprostol to manage termination of pregnancy of up to 16 weeks. Aust.N.Z.J.Obstet.Gynaecol. 2007;47:226-9.

Kovavisarach E,.Jamnansiri C. Intravaginal misoprostol 600 microg and 800 microg for the treatment of early pregnancy failure. Int.J.Gynaecol.Obstet. 2005;90:208-12.

Lader L. Vaginal misoprostol administered 1, 2, or 3 days after mifepristone for early medical abortion: A randomized trial (vol 284, pg 1948, 2000). Jama-Journal of the American Medical Association 2000;284:2597.

Liao AH, Han XJ, Wu SY, Xiao DZ, Xiong CL, Wu XR. Randomized, double-blind, controlled trial of mifepristone in capsule versus tablet form followed by misoprostol for early medical abortion. Eur.J.Obstet.Gynecol.Reprod.Biol. 2004;116:211-6.

Martin CW, Brown AH, Baird DT. A pilot study of the effect of methotrexate or combined oral contraceptive on bleeding patterns after induction of abortion with mifepristone and a prostaglandin pessary. Contraception 1998;58:99-103.

McKinley C, Thong KJ, Baird DT. The effect of dose of mifepristone and gestation on the efficacy of medical abortion with mifepristone and misoprostol. Hum.Reprod. 1993;8:1502-5.

Meckstroth KR, Whitaker AK, Bertisch S, Goldberg AB, Darney PD. Misoprostol administered by epithelial routes: Drug absorption and uterine response. Obstet.Gynecol. 2006;108:582-90.

Middleton T, Schaff E, Fielding SL, Scahill M, Shannon C, Westheimer E et al. Randomized trial of mifepristone and buccal or vaginal misoprostol for abortion through 56 days of last menstrual period. Contraception 2005;72:328-32.

Mittal S, Agarwal S, Kumar S, Batra A. Comparison or oral versus vaginal misoprostol & continued use of misoprostol after mifepristone for early medical abortion. Indian J.Med.Res. 2005;122:132-6.

Ngai SW, Tang OS, Chan YM, Ho PC. Vaginal misoprostol alone for medical abortion up to 9 weeks of gestation: efficacy and acceptability. Hum.Reprod. 2000;15:1159-62.

Okman-Kilic T,.Kucuk M. Rectal misoprostol vs vaginal misoprostol for first trimester termination of pregnancy. Int.J.Gynaecol.Obstet. 2004;85:64-5.

Ozeren M, Bilekli C, Aydemir V, Bozkaya H. Methotrexate and misoprostol used alone or in combination for early abortion. Contraception 1999;59:389-94.

Rabe T, Basse H, Thuro H, Kiesel L, Runnebaum B. [Effect of the PGE1 methyl analog misoprostol on the pregnant uterus in the first trimester]. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd. 1987;47:324-31.

Richardson CR. Can vaginal misoprostol be administered 1 to 3 days after mifepristone without loss of efficacy or an increase in adverse events? J.Fam.Pract. 2001;50:9.

Ruangchainikhom W, Phongphissanou E, Bhekasuta J, Sarapak S. Effectiveness of 400 or 600 micrograms of vaginal misoprostol for terminations of early pregnancies. J.Med.Assoc.Thai. 2006;89:928-33.

Sang GW, Weng LJ, Shao QX, Du MK, Wu XZ, Lu YL et al. Termination of early pregnancy by two regimens of mifepristone with misoprostol and mifepristone with PG05--a multicentre randomized clinical trial in China. Contraception 1994;50:501-10.

Sang GW, Weng LJ, Shao QX. [Termination of early pregnancy by two regimens of mifepristone with misoprostol: a multicentre clinical trial]. Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke.Za Zhi. 1994;29:735-8, 763.

Schaff EA, Fielding SL, Westhoff C, Ellertson C, Eisinger SH, Stadalius LS et al. Vaginal misoprostol administered 1, 2, or 3 days after mifepristone for early medical abortion: A randomized trial. JAMA 2000;284:1948-53.

Schaff EA, Fielding SL, Westhoff C. Randomized trial of oral versus vaginal misoprostol at one day after mifepristone for early medical abortion. Contraception 2001;64:81-5.

Schaff EA, Fielding SL, Westhoff C. Randomized trial of oral versus vaginal misoprostol 2 days after mifepristone 200 mg for abortion up to 63 days of pregnancy. Contraception 2002;66:247-50.

Schaub B, Fuhrer P, Sainte-Rose D. [Intravaginal misoprostol before induced abortion in nulliparous women]. Contracept.Fertil.Sex 1996;24:67-71.

Schaub B, Fuhrer P, SainteRose D. Intravaginal misoprostol before first trimester induced abortion in nulliparous women. Contraception Fertilite Sexualite 1996;24:67-71.

Shannon C, Wiebe E, Jacot F, Guilbert E, Dunn S, Sheldon WR et al. Regimens of misoprostol with mifepristone for early medical abortion: a randomised trial. BJOG. 2006;113:621-8.

Stojnic J, Ljubic A, Jeremic K, Radunovic N, Tulic I, Boskovic V et al. [Medicamentous abortion with mifepristone and misoprostol in Serbia and Montenegro]. Vojnosanit.Pregl. 2006;63:558-63.

Takkar D, Agarwal N, Sehgal R, Buckshee K. Early abortion by mifepristone (RU 486) followed by vaginal gel (meteneprost) versus oral (misoprostol) prostaglandin. Adv.Contracept. 1999;15:163-73.

Tang OS, Gao PP, Cheng L, Lee SW, Ho PC. A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study to assess the effect of oral contraceptive pills on the outcome of medical abortion with mifepristone and misoprostol. Hum.Reprod. 1999;14:722-5.

Tang OS, Lee SW, Ho PC. A prospective randomized study on the measured blood loss in medical termination of early pregnancy by three different misoprostol regimens after pretreatment with mifepristone. Hum.Reprod. 2002;17:2865-8.

Tang OS, Chan CC, Ng EH, Lee SW, Ho PC. A prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled trial on the use of mifepristone with sublingual or vaginal misoprostol for medical abortions of less than 9 weeks gestation. Hum.Reprod. 2003;18:2315-8.

Teal SB, Dempsey-Fanning A, Westhoff C. Predictors of acceptability of medication abortion. Contraception 2007;75:224-9.

Vimala N, Mittal S, Kumar S. Sublingual misoprostol before first trimester abortion: a comparative study using two dose regimens. Indian J.Med.Sci. 2004;58:54-61.

von Hertzen H, Honkanen H, Piaggio G, Bartfai G, Erdenetungalag R, Gemzell-Danielsson K et al. WHO multinational study of three misoprostol regimens after mifepristone for early medical abortion. I: Efficacy. BJOG. 2003;110:808-18.

von Hertzen H, Piaggio G, Huong NT, Arustamyan K, Cabezas E, Gomez M et al. Efficacy of two intervals and two routes of administration of misoprostol for termination of early pregnancy: a randomised controlled equivalence trial. Lancet 2007;369:1938-46.

Wang Z. [Prevent from bleeding after medical abortion through prolonged application of mifepristone with misoprostol for terminating early pregnancy]. Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke.Za Zhi. 2000;35:554-7.

Westhoffa C, Dasmahapatra R, Schaff E. Analgesia during at-home use of misoprostol as part of a medical abortion regimen. Contraception 2000;62:311-4.

Wiebe E, Dunn S, Guilbert E, Jacot F, Lugtig L. Comparison of abortions induced by methotrexate or mifepristone followed by misoprostol. Obstet.Gynecol. 2002;99:813-9.

Wiebe ER,.Rawling MJ. Vaginal misoprostol before first trimester abortion. Int.J.Gynaecol.Obstet. 1998;60:175-6.

Wiebe ER. Tamoxifen compared to methotrexate when used with misoprostol for abortion. Contraception 1999;59:265-70.

Wiebe ER,.Trouton K. Comparing vaginal and buccal misoprostol when used after methotrexate for early abortion. Contraception 2004;70:463-6.

Wiebe ER, Trouton KJ, Lima R. Misoprostol alone vs. methotrexate followed by misoprostol for early abortion. Int.J.Gynaecol.Obstet. 2006;95:286-7.

 

 

 

Observational Studies

 

 [Luteal phase treatment with mifepristone and misoprostol for prevention of pregnancy]. Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke.Za Zhi. 2003;38:563-6.

 Does methotrexate confer a significant advantage over misoprostol alone for early medical abortion? A retrospective analysis of 8678 abortions. Bjog-An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 2007;114:561-2.

[Anon]. Acceptability and side effects of early abortion with mifepristone-misoprostol compared to vacuum aspiration in China, Cuba and India. Reproductive Health Matters 2000;8:185.

[Anon]. Complete, early abortion with misoprostol. Reproductive Health Matters 2001;9:190.

[Anon]. Abortion with sublingual misoprostol alone - 86% effective. Reproductive Health Matters 2002;10:192.

[Anon]. Sublingual and vaginal misoprostol are equally effective in early medical abortion. Reproductive Health Matters 2004;12:226.

[Anon]. Misoprostol alone for medical abortion in the US. Reproductive Health Matters 2005;13:210-1.

[Anon]. Shortening the interval between mifepristone and misoprostol: preliminary findings. Reproductive Health Matters 2005;13:166.

Acharya G, Haugen M, Brathen A, Nilsen I, Maltau JM. Role of routine ultrasonography in monitoring the outcome of medical abortion in a clinical setting. Acta Obstet.Gynecol.Scand. 2004;83:390-4.

Akin A, Kocoglu GO, Akin L. Study supports the introduction of early medical abortion in Turkey. Reprod.Health Matters. 2005;13:101-9.

Aldrich T,.Winikoff B. Does methotrexate confer a significant advantage over misoprostol alone for early medical abortion? A retrospective analysis of 8678 abortions. BJOG. 2007;114:555-62.

Allen RH, Westhoff C, De Nonno L, Fielding SL, Schaff EA. Curettage after mifepristone-induced abortion: frequency, timing, and indications. Obstet.Gynecol. 2001;98:101-6.

Anjum ZK. Termination of early pregnancy with a reduced oral dose of mifepristone and vaginal misoprostol. S.Afr.Med.J. 2000;90:889-91.

Ashima T, Vinita A, Shalini R. Early medical abortion: a new regimen up to 49 days' gestation. Aust.N.Z.J.Obstet.Gynaecol. 2005;45:137-9.

Ashok PW, Flett GM, Templeton A. Termination of pregnancy at 9-13 weeks' amenorrhoea with mifepristone and misoprostol. Lancet 1998;352:542-3.

Ashok PW, Penney GC, Flett GM, Templeton A. An effective regimen for early medical abortion: a report of 2000 consecutive cases. Hum.Reprod. 1998;13:2962-5.

Aubeny E, Peyron R, Turpin CL, Renault M, Targosz V, Silvestre L et al. Termination of early pregnancy (up to 63 days of amenorrhea) with mifepristone and increasing doses of misoprostol [corrected]. Int.J.Fertil.Menopausal Stud. 1995;40 Suppl 2:85-91.

Bartlett LA, Berg CJ, Shulman HB, Zane SB, Green CA, Whitehead S et al. Risk factors for legal induced abortion-related mortality in the United States. Obstetrics and Gynecology 2004;103:729-37.

Bartley J, Tong S, Everington D, Baird DT. Parity is a major determinant of success rate in medical abortion: a retrospective analysis of 3161 consecutive cases of early medical abortion treated with reduced doses of mifepristone and vaginal gemeprost. Contraception 2000;62:297-303.

Basu R, Gundlach T, Tasker M. Mifepristone and misoprostol for medical termination of pregnancy: the effectiveness of a flexible regimen. J.Fam.Plann.Reprod.Health Care 2003;29:139-41.

Benson J, Clark KA, Gerhardt A, Randall L, Dudley S. Early abortion services in the United States: a provider survey. Contraception 2003;67:287-94.

Bentov Y, Sheiner E, Katz M. Misoprostol overdose during the first trimester of pregnancy. Eur.J.Obstet.Gynecol.Reprod.Biol. 2004;115:108-9.

Billings DL. Misoprostol alone for early medical abortion in a Latin American clinic setting. Reprod.Health Matters. 2004;12:57-64.

Bjorge L, Johnsen SL, Midboe G, Augestad G, Okland I, Helland H et al. Early pregnancy termination with mifepristone and misoprostol in Norway. Acta Obstet.Gynecol.Scand. 2001;80:1056-61.

Blanch G, Quenby S, Ballantyne ES, Gosden CM, Neilson JP, Holland K. Embryonic abnormalities at medical termination of pregnancy with mifepristone and misoprostol during first trimester: observational study. BMJ 1998;316:1712-3.

Borgatta L, Burnhill M, Haskell S, Nichols M, Leonhardt K. Instituting medical abortion services: changes in outcome and acceptability related to provider experience. J.Am.Med.Womens Assoc. 2000;55:173-6.

Borgatta L, French A, Vragovic O, Burnhill M. Early medical abortion with methotrexate. Outcome and satisfaction among women aged 15-20 years. J.Pediatr.Adolesc.Gynecol. 2000;13:87-8.

Borgatta L, Burnhill MS, Tyson J, Leonhardt KK, Hausknecht RU, Haskell S. Early medical abortion with methotrexate and misoprostol. Obstet.Gynecol. 2001;97:11-6.

Borgatta L, French A, Vragovic O, Burnhill MS. Early medical abortion with methotrexate and misoprostol: outcomes and satisfaction among women aged 15-21 years. J.Pediatr.Adolesc.Gynecol. 2001;14:9-16.

Borgatta L, Mullally B, Vragovic O, Gittinger E, Chen A. Misoprostol as the primary agent for medical abortion in a low-income urban setting. Contraception 2004;70:121-6.

Bracken H, Gliozheni O, Kati K, Manoku N, Moisiu R, Shannon C et al. Mifepristone medical abortion in Albania: results from a pilot clinical research study. Eur.J.Contracept.Reprod.Health Care 2006;11:38-46.

Bugalho A, Bique C, Almeida L, Bergstrom S. Pregnancy interruption by vaginal misoprostol. Gynecol.Obstet.Invest 1993;36:226-9.

Bugalho A, Mocumbi S, Faundes A, David E. Termination of pregnancies of <6 weeks gestation with a single dose of 800 microg of vaginal misoprostol. Contraception 2000;61:47-50.

Cabezas E. Medical versus surgical abortion. Int.J.Gynaecol.Obstet. 1998;63 Suppl 1:S141-S146.

Cameron ST, Glasier AF, Logan J, Benton L, Baird DT. Impact of the introduction of new medical methods on therapeutic abortions at the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh. Br.J.Obstet.Gynaecol. 1996;103:1222-9.

Carbonell Esteve JL, Varela L, Velazco A, Cabezas E, Tanda R, Sanchez C. Vaginal misoprostol for late first trimester abortion. Contraception 1998;57:329-33.

Carbonell JL, Varela L, Velazco A, Fernandez C, Sanchez C. The use of misoprostol for abortion at < or = 9 weeks' gestation. Eur.J.Contracept.Reprod.Health Care 1997;2:181-5.

Carbonell JL, Varela L, Velazco A, Fernandez C. The use of misoprostol for termination of early pregnancy. Contraception 1997;55:165-8.

Carbonell JL, Varela L, Velazco A, Tanda R, Sanchez C. Vaginal misoprostol for abortion at 10-13 weeks' gestation. Eur.J.Contracept.Reprod.Health Care 1999;4:35-40.

Carbonell JL, Varela L, Velazco A, Tanda R, Barambio S, Chami S. Vaginal misoprostol 600 microg for early abortion. Eur.J.Contracept.Reprod.Health Care 2000;5:46-51.

Carbonell JL, Rodriguez J, Aragon S, Velazco A, Tanda R, Sanchez C et al. Vaginal misoprostol 1000 microg for early abortion. Contraception 2001;63:131-6.

Carbonell JL, Rodriguez J, Velazco A, Tanda R, Sanchez C, Barambio S et al. Oral and vaginal misoprostol 800 microg every 8 h for early abortion. Contraception 2003;67:457-62.

Chanprapaph P, Tongsong T, Wongtra-ngan S. Sonographic diagnosis of exencephaly: omphalocele at 11 weeks of gestation. J.Obstet.Gynaecol.Res. 2000;26:363-6.

Chao A, Chao AS, Wang ST, Wang TH. Mifepristone-induced abortion in one horn and a growing fetus in another horn in a patient with a twin pregnancy in a bicornuate uterus. Fertil.Steril. 2006;86:1764-5.

Cheung W, Tang OS, Lee SW, Ho PC. Pilot study on the use of sublingual misoprostol in termination of pregnancy up to 7 weeks gestation. Contraception 2003;68:97-9.

Child TJ, Thomas J, Rees M, MacKenzie IZ. A comparative study of surgical and medical procedures: 932 pregnancy terminations up to 63 days gestation. Hum.Reprod. 2001;16:67-71.

Chou SY, Chen CY, Chiang HK, Chow PK, Wang CC, Hsu CS. Monitoring medical abortion using mifepristone/misoprostol combination with ultrasonogram and serum human chorionic gonadotropin. Taiwan.J.Obstet.Gynecol. 2006;45:48-52.

Choudhary N, Saha SC, Gopalan S. Abortion procedures in a tertiary care institution in India. Int.J.Gynaecol.Obstet. 2005;91:81-6.

Clark S, Blum J, Blanchard K, Galvao L, Fletcher H, Winikoff B. Misoprostol use in obstetrics and gynecology in Brazil, Jamaica, and the United States. Int.J.Gynaecol.Obstet. 2002;76:65-74.

Clark WH, Hassoun D, Gemzell-Danielsson K, Fiala C, Winikoff B. Home use of two doses of misoprostol after mifepristone for medical abortion: a pilot study in Sweden and France. Eur.J.Contracept.Reprod.Health Care 2005;10:184-91.

Coelho HL, Teixeira AC, Cruz MD, Gonzaga SL, Arrais PS, Luchini L et al. Misoprostol - the Experience of Women in Fortaleza, Brazil. Contraception 1994;49:101-10.

Coelho HL, Teixeira AC, Cruz MF, Gonzaga SL, Arrais PS, Luchini L et al. Misoprostol: the experience of women in Fortaleza, Brazil. Contraception 1994;49:101-10.

Coelho KE, Sarmento MF, Veiga CM, Speck-Martins CE, Safatle HP, Castro CV et al. Misoprostol embryotoxicity: clinical evaluation of fifteen patients with arthrogryposis. Am.J.Med.Genet. 2000;95:297-301.

Coles MS,.Koenigs LP. Self-induced medical abortion in an adolescent. J.Pediatr.Adolesc.Gynecol. 2007;20:93-5.

Costa SH,.Vessey MP. Misoprostol and illegal abortion in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Lancet 1993;341:1258-61.

Coyaji K, Elul B, Krishna U, Otiv S, Ambardekar S, Bopardikar A et al. Mifepristone-misoprostol abortion: a trial in rural and urban Maharashtra, India. Contraception 2002;66:33-40.

Creinin MD,.Darney PD. Methotrexate and misoprostol for early abortion. Contraception 1993;48:339-48.

Creinin MD. Methotrexate and misoprostol for abortion at 57-63 days gestation. Contraception 1994;50:511-5.

Creinin MD,.Park M. Acceptability of medical abortion with methotrexate and misoprostol. Contraception 1995;52:41-4.

Creinin MD. Medically induced abortion in a woman with a large myomatous uterus. Am.J.Obstet.Gynecol. 1996;175:1379-80.

Creinin MD,.Burke AE. Methotrexate and misoprostol for early abortion: a multicenter trial. Acceptability. Contraception 1996;54:19-22.

Creinin MD, Vittinghoff E, Keder L, Darney PD, Tiller G. Methotrexate and misoprostol for early abortion: a multicenter trial. I. Safety and efficacy. Contraception 1996;53:321-7.

Creinin MD. Change in serum beta-human chorionic gonadotropin after abortion with methotrexate and misoprostol. Am.J.Obstet.Gynecol. 1996;174:776-8.

Creinin MD. Medical abortion with methotrexate 75 mg intramuscularly and vaginal misoprostol. Contraception 1997;56:367-71.

Creinin MD, Vittinghoff E, Schaff E, Klaisle C, Darney PD, Dean C. Medical abortion with oral methotrexate and vaginal misoprostol. Obstet.Gynecol. 1997;90:611-6.

Creinin MD,.Spitz IM. Use of various ultrasonographic criteria to evaluate the efficacy of mifepristone and misoprostol for medical abortion. Am.J.Obstet.Gynecol. 1999;181:1419-24.

Creinin MD, Wiebe E, Gold M. Methotrexate and misoprostol for early abortion in adolescent women. J.Pediatr.Adolesc.Gynecol. 1999;12:71-7.

Creinin MD. Conception rates after abortion with methotrexate and misoprostol. Int.J.Gynaecol.Obstet. 1999;65:183-8.

Creinin MD, Potter C, Holovanisin M, Janczukiewicz L, Pymar HC, Schwartz JL et al. Mifepristone and misoprostol and methotrexate/misoprostol in clinical practice for abortion. Am.J.Obstet.Gynecol. 2003;188:664-9.

Daley J,.Grimes DA. A 26-year-old woman seeking an abortion - Discussion. Jama-Journal of the American Medical Association 1999;282:1169-75.

Danielsson KG, Marions L, Rodriguez A, Spur BW, Wong PY, Bygdeman M. Comparison between oral and vaginal administration of misoprostol on uterine contractility. Obstet.Gynecol. 1999;93:275-80.

Davis A, Westhoff C, De Nonno L. Bleeding patterns after early abortion with mifepristone and misoprostol or manual vacuum aspiration. J.Am.Med.Womens Assoc. 2000;55:141-4.

De Nonno LJ, Westhoff C, Fielding S, Schaff E. Timing of pain and bleeding after mifepristone-induced abortion. Contraception 2000;62:305-9.

DeLoia JA, Stewart-Akers AM, Creinin MD. Effects of methotrexate on trophoblast proliferation and local immune responses. Hum.Reprod. 1998;13:1063-9.

El Refaey H,.Templeton A. Early induction of abortion by a combination of oral mifepristone and misoprostol administered by the vaginal route. Contraception 1994;49:111-4.

Elul B, Hajri S, Ngoc NN, Ellertson C, Slama CB, Pearlman E et al. Can women in less-developed countries use a simplified medical abortion regimen? Lancet 2001;357:1402-5.

Esteve JL, Varela L, Velazco A, Tanda R, Cabezas E, Sanchez C. Early abortion with 800 micrograms of misoprostol by the vaginal route. Contraception 1999;59:219-25.

Faucher P, Baunot N, Madelenat P. [The efficacy and acceptability of mifepristone medical abortion with home administration misoprostol provided by private providers linked with the hospital: a prospective study of 433 patients]. Gynecol.Obstet.Fertil. 2005;33:220-7.

Fiala C, Safar P, Bygdeman M, Gemzell-Danielsson K. Verifying the effectiveness of medical abortion; ultrasound versus hCG testing. Eur.J.Obstet.Gynecol.Reprod.Biol. 2003;109:190-5.

Fiala C, Winikoff B, Helstrom L, Hellborg M, Gemzell-Danielsson K. Acceptability of home-use of misoprostol in medical abortion. Contraception 2004;70:387-92.

Fielding SL, Schaff EA, Nam NY. Clinicians' perception of sonogram indication for mifepristone abortion up to 63 days. Contraception 2002;66:27-31.

Fielding SL,.Schaff EA. Social context and the experience of a sample of US women taking RU-486 (mifepristone) for early abortion. Qualitative Health Research 2004;14:612-27.

Fonseca W, Alencar AJ, Pereira RM, Misago C. Congenital malformation of the scalp and cranium after failed first trimester abortion attempt with misoprostol. Clin.Dysmorphol. 1993;2:76-80.

Fox MC, Creinin MD, Harwood B. Mifepristone and vaginal misoprostol on the same day for abortion from 50 to 63 days' gestation. Contraception 2002;66:225-9.

Gao P,.Wang P. Clinical observation on termination of early pregnancy of 213 cases after caesarian section with repeated use of mifepristone and misoprostol. Reprod.Contracept. 1999;10:227-33.

Gao PP, Lu YL, Gao XH, Ying YP. Clinical study on the termination of 388 high-risk early pregnancies with mifepristone and misoprostol. Reprod.Contracept. 1998;9:19-26.