Termination of Pregnancy (2nd Trimester)
Referenced to July 2007 (216 references)
Review Articles
Baird DT. Clinical use of mifepristone (RU 486). Ann.Med. 1993;25:65-9.
Batioglu S, Tonguc E, Haberal A, Celikkanat H, Bagis T. Midtrimester termination of complicated pregnancy with oral misoprostol. Adv.Contracept. 1997;13:55-61.
Bechard dS. [Use of misoprostol in gynecology and obstetrics]. Gynecol.Obstet.Fertil. 2002;30:317-24.
Berer M. Medical abortion: Issues of choice and acceptability. Reproductive Health Matters 2005;13:25-34.
Berer M. Medical abortion: a fact sheet. Reprod.Health Matters. 2005;13:20-4.
Dodd JM,.Crowther CA. Misoprostol versus cervagem for the induction of labour to terminate pregnancy in the second and third trimester: a systematic review. Eur.J.Obstet.Gynecol.Reprod.Biol. 2006;125:3-8.
Dommergues M. Termination of pregnancy for fetal neurological abnormalities. Childs Nervous System 2003;19:600-4.
Friel L, Rochon M, Gyamfi C, Jacobs A. Safety and efficacy of misoprostol for second-trimester pregnancy termination: effect of prior cesarean section. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2004;191:S85.
Goldberg AB, Greenberg MB, Darney PD. Misoprostol and pregnancy. N.Engl.J.Med. 2001;344:38-47.
Goldberg AB, Greenberg MB, Darney PD. Drug therapy: Misoprostol and pregnancy. New England Journal of Medicine 2001;344:38-47.
Lalitkumar S, Bygdeman M, Gemzell-Danielsson K. Mid-trimester induced abortion: a review. Hum.Reprod.Update. 2007;13:37-52.
Lokugamage AU, Refaey HE, Rodeck CH. Misoprostol and pregnancy: ever-increasing indications of effective usage. Curr.Opin.Obstet.Gynecol. 2003;15:513-8.
Ngai SW, Tang OS, Ho PC. Prostaglandins for induction of second-trimester termination and intrauterine death. Best.Pract.Res.Clin.Obstet.Gynaecol. 2003;17:765-75.
Ramin KD, Ogburn PL, Danilenko DR, Ramsey PS. High-dose oral misoprostol for mid-trimester pregnancy interruption. Gynecol.Obstet.Invest 2002;54:176-9.
Ramsey PS,.Owen J. Midtrimester cervical ripening and labor induction. Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology 2000;43:495-512.
Scheepers HC, van Erp EJ, van den Bergh AS. Use of misoprostol in first and second trimester abortion: a review. Obstet.Gynecol.Surv. 1999;54:592-600.
Schreiber C,.Creinin M. Mifepristone in abortion care. Seminars in Reproductive Medicine 2005;23:82-91.
Shannon C, Brothers LP, Philip NM, Winikoff B. Infection after medical abortion: a review of the literature. Contraception 2004;70:183-90.
Song J. Use of misoprostol in obstetrics and gynecology. Obstet.Gynecol.Surv. 2000;55:503-10.
Stubblefield PG, Carr-Ellis S, Borgatta L. Methods for induced abortion. Obstet.Gynecol. 2004;104:174-85.
Tang OS,.Ho PC. Medical abortion in the second trimester. Best.Pract.Res.Clin.Obstet.Gynaecol. 2002;16:237-46.
Tang OS,.Ho PC. Clinical applications of mifepristone. Gynecological Endocrinology 2006;22:655-9.
Van Look PFA,.Cottingham JC. Unsafe abortion: an avoidable tragedy. Best Practice & Research in Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology 2002;16:205-20.
Zust S, Hosli I, Surbek D, Holzgreve W. Side effects of Misoprostol therapy during pregnancy. Zeitschrift fur Geburtshilfe und Neonatologie 2001;205:43-8.
Zust S, Hosli I, Surbek D, Holzgreve W. [Adverse effects of misprostol in pregnancy]. Z.Geburtshilfe Neonatol. 2001;205:43-8.
Clinical Studies
Randomised Controlled Trials
Akoury H, Hannah M, Chitayat D, Seaward G, Winsor EJT, Ferris L et al. A randomized controlled trial (RCT) to evaluate the use of misoprostol for second trimester pregnancy termination associated with fetal malforniation. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2001;185:S112.
Akoury H, Hannah M, Windrim R, Reid DM, Pai A, Thomas M et al. A randomized.controlled trial (RCT) to evaluate the use of misoprostol for second trimester pregnancy termination associated with fetal malformation. American Journal of Human Genetics 2002;71:563.
Akoury HA, Hannah ME, Chitayat D, Thomas M, Winsor E, Ferris LE et al. Randomized controlled trial of misoprostol for second-trimester pregnancy termination associated with fetal malformation. Am.J.Obstet.Gynecol. 2004;190:755-62.
Ashok PW, Kidd A, Flett GM, Fitzmaurice A, Graham W, Templeton A. A randomized comparison of medical abortion and surgical vacuum aspiration at 10-13 weeks gestation. Hum.Reprod. 2002;17:92-8.
Atlas RO, Lemus J, Reed J, Atkins D, Alger LS. Second trimester abortion using prostaglandin E-2 suppositories with or without intracervical Laminaria japonica: A randomized study. Obstetrics and Gynecology 1998;92:398-402.
Bartley J,.Baird DT. A randomised study of misoprostol and gemeprost in combination with mifepristone for induction of abortion in the second trimester of pregnancy. BJOG. 2002;109:1290-4.
Bebbington MW, Kent N, Lim K, Gagnon A, Delisle MF, Tessier F et al. A randomized controlled trial comparing two protocols for the use of misoprostol in midtrimester pregnancy termination. Am.J.Obstet.Gynecol. 2002;187:853-7.
Bhattacharyya SK, Mukherji J, Kamilya GS, Ray S, Hazra A. Two regimens of vaginal misoprostol in second trimester termination of pregnancy: a prospective randomised trial. Acta Obstet.Gynecol.Scand. 2006;85:1458-62.
Borgatta L, Chen AY, Vragovic O, Stubblefield PG, Magloire CA. A randomized clinical trial of the addition of laminaria to misoprostol and hypertonic saline for second-trimester induction abortion. Contraception 2005;72:358-61.
Bugalho A, Faundes A, Jamisse L, Usfa M, Maria E, Bique C. Evaluation of the effectiveness of vaginal misoprostol to induce first trimester abortion. Contraception 1996;53:244-6.
Butt K, Delaney T, Hutchens D, Crane J, Young D. Randomized comparison of oral and vaginal misoprostol for midtrimester pregnancy termination for fetal demise and major congenital anomalies. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2001;185:S205.
Caliskan E, Dilbaz S, Doger E, Ozeren S, Dilbaz B. Randomized comparison of 3 misoprostol protocols for abortion induction at 13-20 weeks of gestation. J.Reprod.Med. 2005;50:173-80.
Cheng L. [Termination of 10-16 weeks's gestation with mifepristone plus misoprostol: a multicentre randomized clinical trial]. Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke.Za Zhi. 1999;34:268-71.
Dickinson,.Evans. The optimization of intravaginal misoprostol dosing schedules in second-trimester pregnancy termination (vol 186, pg 470, 2002). American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2005;193:597.
Dickinson JE, Godfrey M, Evans SF. Efficacy of intravaginal misoprostol in second-trimester pregnancy termination: a randomized controlled trial. J.Matern.Fetal Med. 1998;7:115-9.
Dickinson JE,.Evans SF. The optimization of intravaginal misoprostol dosing schedules in second-trimester pregnancy termination. Am.J.Obstet.Gynecol. 2002;186:470-4.
Dickinson JE,.Evans SF. A comparison of oral misoprostol with vaginal misoprostol administration in second-trimester pregnancy termination for fetal abnormality. Obstet.Gynecol. 2003;101:1294-9.
Donovan P. Misoprostol May Induce 2Nd-Trimester Abortion with Fewer Side-Effects Than Other Prostaglandins. Family Planning Perspectives 1995;27:43-4.
El Refaey H, Hinshaw K, Templeton A. The abortifacient effect of misoprostol in the second trimester. A randomized comparison with gemeprost in patients pre-treated with mifepristone (RU486). Hum.Reprod. 1993;8:1744-6.
El Refaey H,.Templeton A. Induction of abortion in the second trimester by a combination of misoprostol and mifepristone: a randomized comparison between two misoprostol regimens. Hum.Reprod. 1995;10:475-8.
Feldman DM, Borgida AF, Rodis JF, Leo MV, Campbell WA. A randomized comparison of two regimens of misoprostol for second-trimester pregnancy termination. Am.J.Obstet.Gynecol. 2003;189:710-3.
Ghorab MN,.El Helw BA. Second-trimester termination of pregnancy by extra-amniotic prostaglandin F2alpha or endocervical misoprostol. A comparative study. Acta Obstet.Gynecol.Scand. 1998;77:429-32.
Gilbert A,.Reid R. A randomised trial of oral versus vaginal administration of misoprostol for the purpose of mid-trimester termination of pregnancy. Aust.N.Z.J.Obstet.Gynaecol. 2001;41:407-10.
Gonzalez JA, Carlan SJ, Alverson MW. Outpatient second trimester pregnancy termination. Contraception 2001;63:89-93.
Grimes DA, Smith MS, Witham AD. Mifepristone and misoprostol versus dilation and evacuation for midtrimester abortion: a pilot randomised controlled trial. BJOG. 2004;111:148-53.
Guix C, Palacio M, Figueras F, Bennasar M, Zamora L, Coll O et al. Efficacy of two regimens of misoprostol for early second-trimester pregnancy termination. Fetal Diagn.Ther. 2005;20:544-8.
Hamoda H, Ashok PW, Flett GM, Templeton A. A randomised controlled trial of mifepristone in combination with misoprostol administered sublingually or vaginally for medical abortion up to 13 weeks of gestation. BJOG. 2005;112:1102-8.
Hamoda H, Ashok PW, Flett GM, Templeton A. A randomized trial of mifepristone in combination with misoprostol administered sublingually or vaginally for medical abortion at 13-20 weeks gestation. Hum.Reprod. 2005;20:2348-54.
Heimstad R,.Backe B. [Mifepristone for induction of second trimester abortion]. Tidsskr.Nor Laegeforen. 2003;123:2412-3.
Herabutya Y, Chanrachakul B, Punyavachira P. Second trimester pregnancy termination: a comparison of 600 and 800 micrograms of intravaginal misoprostol. J.Obstet.Gynaecol.Res. 2001;27:125-8.
Herabutya Y, Chanrachakul B, Punyavachira P. A randomised controlled trial of 6 and 12 hourly administration of vaginal misoprostol for second trimester pregnancy termination. BJOG. 2005;112:1297-301.
Hidar S, Fekih M, Chaieb A, Bibi M, Mellouli R, Khairi H. [Oxytocin and misoprostol administered intravaginally for termination of pregnancy at 13 to 29 weeks of amenorrhea. A prospective randomized trial]. J.Gynecol.Obstet.Biol.Reprod.(Paris) 2001;30:439-43.
Hidar S, Bouddebous M, Chaieb A, Jerbi M, Bibi M, Khairi H. Randomized controlled trial of vaginal misoprostol versus vaginal misoprostol and isosorbide dinitrate for termination of pregnancy at 13-29 weeks. Arch.Gynecol.Obstet. 2005;273:157-60.
Ho PC, Chan YF, Lau W. Misoprostol is as effective as gemeprost in termination of second trimester pregnancy when combined with mifepristone: a randomised comparative trial. Contraception 1996;53:281-3.
Ho PC, Ngai SW, Liu KL, Wong GC, Lee SW. Vaginal misoprostol compared with oral misoprostol in termination of second-trimester pregnancy. Obstet.Gynecol. 1997;90:735-8.
Jain JK,.Mishell DR, Jr. A comparison of intravaginal misoprostol with prostaglandin E2 for termination of second-trimester pregnancy. N.Engl.J.Med. 1994;331:290-3.
Jain JK,.Mishell DR, Jr. A comparison of misoprostol with and without laminaria tents for induction of second-trimester abortion. Am.J.Obstet.Gynecol. 1996;175:173-7.
Jain JK, Kuo J, Mishell DR, Jr. A comparison of two dosing regimens of intravaginal misoprostol for second-trimester pregnancy termination. Obstet.Gynecol. 1999;93:571-5.
Kelekci S, Erdemoglu E, Inan I. Randomized study on the effect of adding oxytocin to ethacridine lactate or misoprostol for second-trimester termination of pregnancy. Acta Obstet.Gynecol.Scand. 2006;85:825-9.
Khazardoost S, Hantoushzadeh S, Madani MM. A randomised trial of two regimens of vaginal misoprostol to manage termination of pregnancy of up to 16 weeks. Aust.N.Z.J.Obstet.Gynaecol. 2007;47:226-9.
Kmak D, Refuerzo J, Johnson A, Blackwell S, McNeeley G, Qureshi F et al. Comparison of oral, intravaginal and combination misoprostol therapy for second trimester inductions. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2001;185:S205.
le Roux PA, Tregoning SK, Zinn PM, van der Spuy ZM. Inhibition of progesterone secretion with trilostane for mid-trimester termination of pregnancy: randomized controlled trials. Hum.Reprod. 2002;17:1483-9.
le Roux PA,.van der Spuy ZM. Labor induction abortion utilizing trilostane, a 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase inhibitor. Contraception 2005;71:343-7.
Leader J, Bujnovsky M, Carlan SJ, Triana T, Richichi K. Effect of oral misoprostol after second-trimester delivery: a randomized, blinded study. Obstet.Gynecol. 2002;100:689-94.
Lemyre M, Leboeuf M, Turcot-Lemay L, Thomas N. A randomized study comparing two regimens of intravaginal misoprostol for midtrimester medical pregnancy termination. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2006;195:S105.
Li CF, Chan CW, Ho PC. A study of the efficacy of cervical ripening with nitric oxide donor versus placebo for cervical priming before second-trimester termination of pregnancy. Contraception 2003;68:269-72.
Makhlouf AM, Al Hussaini TK, Habib DM, Makarem MH. Second-trimester pregnancy termination: comparison of three different methods. J.Obstet.Gynaecol. 2003;23:407-11.
Marquette GP, Skoll MA, Dontigny L. A randomized trial comparing oral misoprostol with intra-amniotic prostaglandin F2alpha for second trimester terminations. J.Obstet.Gynaecol.Can. 2005;27:1013-8.
Munthali J,.Moodley J. The use of misoprostol for mid-trimester therapeutic termination of pregnancy. Trop.Doct. 2001;31:157-61.
Ngai SW, Tang OS, Ho PC. Randomized comparison of vaginal (200 microg every 3 h) and oral (400 microg every 3 h) misoprostol when combined with mifepristone in termination of second trimester pregnancy. Hum.Reprod. 2000;15:2205-8.
Nigam A, Singh VK, Prakash A. Vaginal vs. oral misoprostol for mid-trimester abortion. Int.J.Gynaecol.Obstet. 2006;92:270-1.
Niromanesh S, Hashemi-Fesharaki M, Mosavi-Jarrahi A. Second trimester abortion using intravaginal misoprostol. Int.J.Gynaecol.Obstet. 2005;89:276-7.
Nor Azlin MI, Abdullah HS, Zainul Rashid MR, Jamil MA. Misoprostol (alone) in second trimester terminations of pregnancy: as effective as Gemeprost? J.Obstet.Gynaecol. 2006;26:546-9.
Nuthalapaty FS, Ramsey PS, Biggio JR, Owen J. High-dose vaginal misoprostol versus concentrated oxytocin plus low-dose vaginal misoprostol for midtrimester labor induction: a randomized trial. Am.J.Obstet.Gynecol. 2005;193:1065-70.
Nuutila M, Toivonen J, Ylikorkala O, Halmesmaki E. A comparison between two doses of intravaginal misoprostol and gemeprost for induction of second-trimester abortion. Obstet.Gynecol. 1997;90:896-900.
Owen J,.Hauth JC. Vaginal misoprostol vs. concentrated oxytocin plus low-dose prostaglandin E2 for second trimester pregnancy termination. J.Matern.Fetal Med. 1999;8:48-50.
Paz B, Ohel G, Tal T, Degani S, Sabo E, Levitan Z. Second trimester abortion by laminaria followed by vaginal misoprostol or intrauterine prostaglandin F2alpha: a randomized trial. Contraception 2002;65:411-3.
Perry KG, Jr., Rinehart BK, Terrone DA, Martin RW, May WL, Roberts WE. Second-trimester uterine evacuation: A comparison of intra-amniotic (15S)-15-methyl-prostaglandin F2alpha and intravaginal misoprostol. Am.J.Obstet.Gynecol. 1999;181:1057-61.
Ramsey PS, Savage K, Lincoln T, Owen J. Vaginal misoprostol versus concentrated oxytocin and vaginal PGE2 for second-trimester labor induction. Obstet.Gynecol. 2004;104:138-45.
Roy G, Ferreira E, Hudon L, Marquette G. The efficacy of oral versus vaginal misoprostol for second-trimester termination of pregnancy: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2003;189:S70.
Ruangchainikhom W, Phongphissanou E, Bhekasuta J, Sarapak S. Effectiveness of 400 or 600 micrograms of vaginal misoprostol for terminations of early pregnancies. J.Med.Assoc.Thai. 2006;89:928-33.
Saha S, Bal R, Ghosh S, Krishnamurthy P. Medical abortion in late second trimester--a comparative study with misoprostol through vaginal versus oral followed by vaginal route. J.Indian Med.Assoc. 2006;104:81-2, 84.
Su LL, Biswas A, Choolani M, Kalaichelvan V, Singh K. A prospective, randomized comparison of vaginal misoprostol versus intra-amniotic prostaglandins for midtrimester termination of pregnancy. Am.J.Obstet.Gynecol. 2005;193:1410-4.
Tang OS, Lau WN, Chan CC, Ho PC. A prospective randomised comparison of sublingual and vaginal misoprostol in second trimester termination of pregnancy. BJOG. 2004;111:1001-5.
Tang OS, Chan CC, Kan AS, Ho PC. A prospective randomized comparison of sublingual and oral misoprostol when combined with mifepristone for medical abortion at 12-20 weeks gestation. Hum.Reprod. 2005;20:3062-6.
Webster D, Penney GC, Templeton A. A comparison of 600 and 200 mg mifepristone prior to second trimester abortion with the prostaglandin misoprostol. Br.J.Obstet.Gynaecol. 1996;103:706-9.
Wong KS, Ngai CS, Chan KS, Tang LC, Ho PC. Termination of second trimester pregnancy with gemeprost and misoprostol: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Contraception 1996;54:23-5.
Wong KS, Ngai CS, Wong AY, Tang LC, Ho PC. Vaginal misoprostol compared with vaginal gemeprost in termination of second trimester pregnancy. A randomized trial. Contraception 1998;58:207-10.
Wong KS, Ngai CS, Yeo EL, Tang LC, Ho PC. A comparison of two regimens of intravaginal misoprostol for termination of second trimester pregnancy: a randomized comparative trial. Hum.Reprod. 2000;15:709-12.
Yapar EG, Senoz S, Urkutur M, Batioglu S, Gokmen O. Second trimester pregnancy termination including fetal death: comparison of five different methods. Eur.J.Obstet.Gynecol.Reprod.Biol. 1996;69:97-102.
Yilmaz B, Kelekci S, Ertas IE, Kahyaoglu S, Ozel M, Sut N et al. Misoprostol moistened with acetic acid or saline for second trimester pregnancy termination: a randomized prospective double-blind trial. Hum.Reprod. 2005;20:3067-71.
Yilmaz B, Kelekci S, Ertas IE, Ozel M, Sut N, Mollamahmutoglu L et al. Randomized comparison of second trimester pregnancy termination utilizing saline moistened or dry misoprostol. Arch.Gynecol.Obstet. 2007.
Observational Studies
Al Hussaini TK. Uterine rupture in second trimester abortion in a grand multiparous woman. A complication of misoprostol and oxytocin. Eur.J.Obstet.Gynecol.Reprod.Biol. 2001;96:218-9.
Al Taani MI. Termination of second trimester, complicated gestation. East Mediterr.Health J. 2005;11:657-62.
Ashok PW, Flett GM, Templeton A. Termination of pregnancy at 9-13 weeks' amenorrhoea with mifepristone and misoprostol. Lancet 1998;352:542-3.
Ashok PW,.Templeton A. Nonsurgical mid-trimester termination of pregnancy: a review of 500 consecutive cases. Br.J.Obstet.Gynaecol. 1999;106:706-10.
Ashok PW, Templeton A, Wagaarachchi PT, Flett GM. Midtrimester medical termination of pregnancy: a review of 1002 consecutive cases. Contraception 2004;69:51-8.
Autry AM, Hayes EC, Jacobson GF, Kirby RS. A comparison of medical induction and dilation and evacuation for second-trimester abortion. Am.J.Obstet.Gynecol. 2002;187:393-7.
Bagga R, Chaudhary N, Kalra J. Rupture in an unscarred uterus during second trimester pregnancy termination with mifepristone and misoprostol. Int.J.Gynaecol.Obstet. 2004;87:42-3.
Bartlett LA, Berg CJ, Shulman HB, Zane SB, Green CA, Whitehead S et al. Risk factors for legal induced abortion-related mortality in the United States. Obstetrics and Gynecology 2004;103:729-37.
Basu R, Gundlach T, Tasker M. Mifepristone and misoprostol for medical termination of pregnancy: the effectiveness of a flexible regimen. J.Fam.Plann.Reprod.Health Care 2003;29:139-41.
Berghahn L, Christensen D, Droste S. Uterine rupture during second-trimester abortion associated with misoprostol. Obstet.Gynecol. 2001;98:976-7.
Bhattacharjee N, Ganguly RP, Saha SP. Misoprostol for termination of mid-trimester post-Caesarean pregnancy. Aust.N.Z.J.Obstet.Gynaecol. 2007;47:23-5.
Bracken H, Ngoc NT, Schaff E, Coyaji K, Ambardekar S, Westheimer E et al. Mifepristone followed in 24 hours to 48 hours by misoprostol for late first-trimester abortion. Obstet.Gynecol. 2007;109:895-901.
Bugalho A, Bique C, Almeida L, Bergstrom S. Pregnancy interruption by vaginal misoprostol. Gynecol.Obstet.Invest 1993;36:226-9.
Bugalho A, Bique C, Almeida L, Faundes A. The effectiveness of intravaginal misoprostol (Cytotec) in inducing abortion after eleven weeks of pregnancy. Stud.Fam.Plann. 1993;24:319-23.
Bugalho A, Bique C, Pereira C, Granja AC, Bergstrom S. Uterine evacuation by vaginal misoprostol after second trimester pregnancy interruption. Acta Obstet.Gynecol.Scand. 1996;75:270-3.
Carbonell JL, Varela L, Velazco A, Fernandez C. The use of misoprostol for termination of early pregnancy. Contraception 1997;55:165-8.
Carbonell JL, Valera L, Velazco A, Tanda R, Sanchez C. Vaginal misoprostol for early second-trimester abortion. Eur.J.Contracept.Reprod.Health Care 1998;3:93-8.
Carbonell JL, Varela L, Velazco A, Tanda R, Sanchez C. Vaginal misoprostol for abortion at 10-13 weeks' gestation. Eur.J.Contracept.Reprod.Health Care 1999;4:35-40.
Carbonell JL, Velazco A, Varela L, Tanda R, Sanchez C, Barambio S et al. Misoprostol for abortion at 9-12 weeks' gestation in adolescents. Eur.J.Contracept.Reprod.Health Care 2001;6:39-45.
Carbonell JL, Rodriguez J, Delgado E, Sanchez C, Vargas F, Valera L et al. Vaginal misoprostol 800 microg every 12 h for second-trimester abortion. Contraception 2004;70:55-60.
Chen M, Shih JC, Chiu WT, Hsieh FJ. Separation of cesarean scar during second-trimester intravaginal misoprostol abortion. Obstet.Gynecol. 1999;94:840.
Choudhary N, Saha SC, Gopalan S. Abortion procedures in a tertiary care institution in India. Int.J.Gynaecol.Obstet. 2005;91:81-6.
Clark S, Blum J, Blanchard K, Galvao L, Fletcher H, Winikoff B. Misoprostol use in obstetrics and gynecology in Brazil, Jamaica, and the United States. Int.J.Gynaecol.Obstet. 2002;76:65-74.
Costa SH,.Vessey MP. Misoprostol and illegal abortion in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Lancet 1993;341:1258-61.
Cowett AA, Golub RM, Grobman WA. Cost-effectiveness of dilation and evacuation versus the induction of labor for second-trimester pregnancy termination. Am.J.Obstet.Gynecol. 2006;194:768-73.
Daponte A, Nzewenga G, Dimopoulos KD, Guidozzi F. The use of vaginal misoprostol for second-trimester pregnancy termination in women with previous single cesarean section. Contraception 2006;74:324-7.
Daskalakis G, Papantoniou N, Mesogitis S, Papageorgiou J, Antsaklis A. Sonographic findings and surgical management of a uterine rupture associated with the use of misoprostol during second-trimester abortion. J.Ultrasound Med. 2005;24:1565-8.
Daskalakis GJ, Mesogitis SA, Papantoniou NE, Moulopoulos GG, Papapanagiotou AA, Antsaklis AJ. Misoprostol for second trimester pregnancy termination in women with prior caesarean section. BJOG. 2005;112:97-9.
de Boer MA, van Gemund N, Scherjon SA, Kanhai HHH. Low dose sulprostone for termination of second and third trimester pregnancies. European Journal of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 2001;99:244-8.
De Heus R, Graziosi GC, Christiaens GC, Bruinse HW, Mol BW. Medical management for termination of second and third trimester pregnancies: a comparison of strategies. Eur.J.Obstet.Gynecol.Reprod.Biol. 2004;116:16-21.
Dickinson JE. Late pregnancy termination within a legislated medical environment. Aust.N.Z.J.Obstet.Gynaecol. 2004;44:337-41.
Dickinson JE. Misoprostol for second-trimester pregnancy termination in women with a prior cesarean delivery. Obstet.Gynecol. 2005;105:352-6.
Dilbaz S, Caliskan E, Dilbaz B, Kahraman BG. Frequent low-dose misoprostol for termination of second-trimester pregnancy. Eur.J.Contracept.Reprod.Health Care 2004;9:11-5.
Dodd J, O'Brien L, Coffey J. Misoprostol for second and third trimester termination of pregnancy: a review of practice at the Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, Australia. Aust.N.Z.J.Obstet.Gynaecol. 2005;45:25-9.
Edwards RK,.Sims SM. Outcomes of second-trimester pregnancy terminations with misoprostol: comparing 2 regimens. Am.J.Obstet.Gynecol. 2005;193:544-8.
El Matary A, Navaratnarajah R, Economides DL. Ultrasound diagnosis of uterine dehiscence following mifepristone/misoprostol regime in early second trimester termination. J.Obstet.Gynaecol. 2006;26:578-80.
Elsheikh A, Antsaklis A, Mesogitis S, Papantoniou N, Rodolakis A, Vogas E et al. Use of misoprostol for the termination of second trimester pregnancies. Arch.Gynecol.Obstet. 2001;265:204-6.
Garbin O, Vayssiere C, Bettahar-Lebugle K, Nisand I. Consistency of medical abortion efficacy from 5 through 14 weeks' gestation. Eur.J.Obstet.Gynecol.Reprod.Biol. 2006;129:36-40.
Goh SE,.Thong KJ. Induction of second trimester abortion (12-20 weeks) with mifepristone and misoprostol: a review of 386 consecutive cases. Contraception 2006;73:516-9.
Gouk EV, Lincoln K, Khair A, Haslock J, Knight J, Cruickshank DJ. Medical termination of pregnancy at 63 to 83 days gestation. Br.J.Obstet.Gynaecol. 1999;106:535-9.
Hamoda H, Ashok PW, Flett GM, Templeton A. Medical abortion at 64 to 91 days of gestation: a review of 483 consecutive cases. Am.J.Obstet.Gynecol. 2003;188:1315-9.
Hamoda H, Ashok PW, Flett GM, Templeton A. Analgesia requirements and predictors of analgesia use for women undergoing medical abortion up to 22 weeks of gestation. BJOG. 2004;111:996-1000.
Hamoda H, Ashok PW, Flett GM, Templeton A. Medical abortion at 9-13 weeks' gestation: a review of 1076 consecutive cases. Contraception 2005;71:327-32.
Heikinheimo O, Suhonen S, Haukkamaa M. One- and 2-day mifepristone-misoprostol intervals are both effective in medical termination of second-trimester pregnancy. Reprod.Biomed.Online. 2004;8:236-9.
Herabutya Y,.Prasertsawat P. Second trimester abortion using intravaginal misoprostol. Int.J.Gynaecol.Obstet. 1998;60:161-5.
Herabutya Y, Chanrachakul B, Punyavachira P. Vaginal misoprostol in termination of second trimester pregnancy. J.Obstet.Gynaecol.Res. 2000;26:121-5.
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Hern WM. Misoprostol as an adjunctive medication in late surgical abortion. Int.J.Gynaecol.Obstet. 2005;88:327-8.
Hinshaw K, El Refaey H, Rispin R, Templeton A. Mid-trimester termination for fetal abnormality: advantages of a new regimen using mifepristone and misoprostol. Br.J.Obstet.Gynaecol. 1995;102:559-60.
Hoffer MC, Charlier C, Giacalone PL, Zimbris L, Astruc M, Boulot P. [Evaluation of combination RU 486-laminaria tents-misoprostol-peridural anesthesia in second and third trimester induced abortions]. J.Gynecol.Obstet.Biol.Reprod.(Paris) 1998;27:83-6.
Hsieh TY, Yu CH, Kuo PL, Chang FM. Prenatal diagnosis of alobar holoprosencephaly with cystic hygroma. Taiwan.J.Obstet.Gynecol. 2006;45:146-9.
Hunter A, Porter H, Kyle P. Not assuming the obvious: failed surgical termination of pregnancy and multiple fetal abnormalities. BJOG. 2002;109:1069-71.
Jannet D, Aflak N, Abankwa A, Carbonne B, Marpeau L, Milliez J. Termination of 2nd and 3rd trimester pregnancies with mifepristone and misoprostol. Eur.J.Obstet.Gynecol.Reprod.Biol. 1996;70:159-63.
Jannet D, Aflak N, Chemla JP, Marpeau L, Milliez J. [Mifepristone and misoprostol in therapeutic abortions]. J.Gynecol.Obstet.Biol.Reprod.(Paris) 1996;25:277-82.
Khomasuridze AG, Tsertsvadze GL, Parculi MG, Parunashvili NR, Sulamanidze S. [Antiprogesterone for medical abortion]. Georgian.Med.News 2006;24-8.
Langer BR, Peter C, Firtion C, David E, Haberstich R. Second and third medical termination of pregnancy with misoprostol without mifepristone. Fetal Diagn.Ther. 2004;19:266-70.
le Roux PA, Pahal GS, Hoffman L, Nooh R, El Refaey H, Rodeck CH. Second trimester termination of pregnancy for fetal anomaly or death: comparing mifepristone/misoprostol to gemeprost. Eur.J.Obstet.Gynecol.Reprod.Biol. 2001;95:52-4.
Letourneur B, Parant O, Tofani V, Berrebi A. [Uterine rupture on unscarred uterus following labor induction for 2(nd) trimester termination of pregnancy with oral misoprostol: conservative management]. J.Gynecol.Obstet.Biol.Reprod.(Paris) 2002;31:371-3.
Li YT,.Yin CS. Delivery of retained placenta by misoprostol in second trimester abortion. Int.J.Gynaecol.Obstet. 2001;74:215-6.
Liaquat NF, Javed I, Shuja S, Shoaib T, Bano K, Waheed S et al. Therapeutic termination of second trimester pregnancies with low dose misoprostol. J.Coll.Physicians Surg.Pak. 2006;16:464-7.
Lim JM, Soh EB, Raman S. Intravaginal misoprostol for termination of midtrimester pregnancy. Aust.N.Z.J.Obstet.Gynaecol. 1995;35:54-5.
Makrydimas G, Papanikolaou E, Paraskevaidis E, Paschopoulos M, Lolis D. Upper limb abnormalities as an isolated ultrasonographic finding in early detection of trisomy 18. A case report. Fetal Diagn.Ther. 2003;18:401-3.
Mazouni C, Provensal M, Porcu G, Guidicelli B, Heckenroth H, Gamerre M et al. Termination of pregnancy in patients with previous cesarean section. Contraception 2006;73:244-8.
Mendilcioglu I, Simsek M, Seker PE, Erbay O, Zorlu CG, Trak B. Misoprostol in second and early third trimester for termination of pregnancies with fetal anomalies. Int.J.Gynaecol.Obstet. 2002;79:131-5.
Nayki U, Taner CE, Mizrak T, Nayki C, Derin G. Uterine rupture during second trimester abortion with misoprostol. Fetal Diagn.Ther. 2005;20:469-71.
Naz S,.Sultana N. Role of misoprostol for therapeutic termination of pregnancy from 10 -28 weeks of gestation. J.Pak.Med.Assoc. 2007;57:129-32.
Ojidu JI,.Sabharwal SD. Setting up a one-stop mifepristone-misoprostol medical termination of pregnancy service for all gestations from 5 to 23 weeks--a review of 482 cases. J.Obstet.Gynaecol. 2001;21:386-8.
Oteri O,.Hopkins R. Second trimester therapeutic abortion using mifepristone and oral misoprostol in a woman with two previous caesarean sections and a cone biopsy. J.Matern.Fetal Med. 1999;8:300-1.
Pappa KI, Anagnou NP, Elsheikh A, Bikouvarakis SS, Konstantinidou A, Salamalekis E. Congenital bronchopulmonary sequestration presenting as a thoracic tumor: a case report. Eur.J.Gynaecol.Oncol. 2004;25:749-51.
Petri AL. [Uterine rupture during second trimester abortion induced with misoprostol]. Ugeskr.Laeger 2003;165:2894-5.
Phillips K, Berry C, Mathers AM. Uterine rupture during second trimester termination of pregnancy using mifepristone and a prostaglandin. Eur.J.Obstet.Gynecol.Reprod.Biol. 1996;65:175-6.
Pongsatha S,.Tongsong T. Second trimester pregnancy termination with 800 mcg vaginal misoprostol. J.Med.Assoc.Thai. 2001;84:859-63.
Pongsatha S, Tongsong T, Suwannawut O. Therapeutic termination of second trimester pregnancy with vaginal misoprostol. J.Med.Assoc.Thai. 2001;84:515-9.
Pongsatha S, Morakot N, Tongsong T. Demographic characteristics of women with self use of misoprostol for pregnancy interruption attending Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital. J.Med.Assoc.Thai. 2002;85:1074-80.
Pongsatha S,.Tongsong T. Misoprostol for second trimester termination of pregnancies with prior low transverse cesarean section. Int.J.Gynaecol.Obstet. 2003;80:61-2.
Pongsatha S,.Tongsong T. Second-trimester pregnancy interruption with vaginal misoprostol in women with previous cesarean section. J.Med.Assoc.Thai. 2006;89:1097-100.
Prachasilpchai N, Russameecharoen K, Borriboonhirunsarn D. Success rate of second-trimester termination of pregnancy using misoprostol. J.Med.Assoc.Thai. 2006;89:1115-9.
Ramsey PS, Hogg BB, Savage KG, Winkler DD, Owen J. Cardiovascular effects of intravaginal misoprostol in the mid trimester of pregnancy. Am.J.Obstet.Gynecol. 2000;183:1100-2.
Rose SB, Shand C, Simmons A. Mifepristone- and misoprostol-induced mid-trimester termination of pregnancy: a review of 272 cases. Aust.N.Z.J.Obstet.Gynaecol. 2006;46:479-85.
Rouzi AA. Second-trimester pregnancy termination with misoprostol in women with previous cesarean sections. Int.J.Gynaecol.Obstet. 2003;80:317-8.
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Shammas AG,.Momani MD. Misoprostol for termination of second trimester pregnancy in a scarred uterus. Saudi.Med.J. 2006;27:1173-6.
Simcox R, Ash AK, Shennan AH. Fetal extrusion into the lower segment: a cause of failed misoprostol induced midtrimester termination. J.Obstet.Gynaecol. 2006;26:174.
Sirimai K, Kiriwat O, Neungton S, Suvanichchati S. Misoprostal use for therapeutic abortion in Siriraj Hospital: the year 2000. J.Med.Assoc.Thai. 2002;85:416-23.
Srisomboon J, Tongsong T, Pongpisuttinun S. Termination of second-trimester pregnancy with intracervicovaginal misoprostol. J.Med.Assoc.Thai. 1997;80:242-6.
Srisomboon J,.Pongpisuttinun S. Efficacy of intracervicovaginal misoprostol in second-trimester pregnancy termination: a comparison between live and dead fetuses. J.Obstet.Gynaecol.Res. 1998;24:1-5.
Stoutjesdijk JA, Alsma J, Wildschut HI. [Pregnancy termination in the second trimester with vaginally administered dinoprostone followed by intravenous sulprostone, for the indication 'foetal congenital defects'; results of a retrospective study]. Ned.Tijdschr.Geneeskd. 2004;148:1293-6.
Tang OS,.Ho PC. Pilot study on the use of sublingual misoprostol for medical abortion. Contraception 2001;64:315-7.
Tarim E, Kilicdag E, Bagis T, Ilgin A, Yanik F. Second-trimester pregnancy termination with oral misoprostol in women who have had one cesarean section. Int.J.Gynaecol.Obstet. 2005;90:84-5.
Todd CS, Soler M, Castleman L, Rogers MK, Blumenthal PD. Buccal misoprostol as cervical preparation for second trimester pregnancy termination. Contraception 2002;65:415-8.
Verhulsdonk MT, Papatsonis DN, Heydanus R. [Results of pregnancy termination for foetal congenital or chromosomal disorders or intrauterine foetal death by oral mifepristone and/or intravaginal misoprostol; results of a retrospective study]. Ned.Tijdschr.Geneeskd. 2007;151:815-20.
Vimala N, Dadhwal V, Mittal S. Sublingual misoprostol for second-trimester abortion. Int.J.Gynaecol.Obstet. 2004;84:89-90.
Weeks AD,.Stewart P. The Use of Mifepristone in Combination with Misoprostol for 2Nd Trimester Termination of Pregnancy. British Journal of Family Planning 1995;21:43-4.
Whitecar PW, Zweifel A, Moise KJ, Jr. Failed second-trimester misoprostol termination responding to vaginal instillation of citric acid. Obstet.Gynecol. 1999;94:839.
Willems FE. [Pregnancy termination in the second trimester with vaginally administered dinoprostone followed by intravenous sulprostone, for the indication 'foetal congenital defects'; results of a retrospective study]. Ned.Tijdschr.Geneeskd. 2004;148:1656-7.
Wright-Francis DL, Raynor BD, Webb GW. Misoprostol in second trimester termination of pregnancy. Prim.Care Update.Ob Gyns. 1998;5:176.
Yacoub A,.Martel MJ. Pregnancy with primary dilated cardiomyopathy. Obstet.Gynecol. 2002;99:928-30.
Zeteroglu S, Kotan C, Ozen S, Goktolga U. Mucinous appendicular cystadenocarcinoma during pregnancy. A case report. J.Reprod.Med. 2003;48:831-3.
Cost-effectiveness
Cowett AA, Golub RM, Grobman WA. Cost-effectiveness of dilation and evacuation versus the induction of labor for second-trimester pregnancy termination. Am.J.Obstet.Gynecol. 2006;194:768-73.
Basic Science
Goldberg AB, Greenberg MB, Darney PD. Misoprostol and pregnancy. N.Engl.J.Med. 2001;344:38-47.
Zust S, Hosli I, Surbek D, Holzgreve W. Side effects of Misoprostol therapy during pregnancy. Zeitschrift fur Geburtshilfe und Neonatologie 2001;205:43-8.
Zust S, Hosli I, Surbek D, Holzgreve W. [Adverse effects of misprostol in pregnancy]. Z.Geburtshilfe Neonatol. 2001;205:43-8.
Politics/ Licensing/ Ethics
[Anon]. USFDA, pharmacia new ruling on misoprostol. Reproductive Health Matters 2002;10:192-3.
Berer M. Medical abortion: a fact sheet. Reprod.Health Matters. 2005;13:20-4.
Chong YS, Su LL, Arulkumaran S. Misoprostol: a quarter century of use, abuse, and creative misuse. Obstet.Gynecol.Surv. 2004;59:128-40.
Gebhardt DO. Misoprostol in a topsyturvy world. J.Med.Ethics 2001;27:205.
Weeks AD, Fiala C, Safar P. Misoprostol and the debate over off-label drug use. BJOG. 2005;112:269-72.
Editorials/ Letters/ Opinions
Bourguignon A, Briscoe B, Nemzer L. Genetic abortion: Considerations for patient care. Journal of Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing 1999;13:47-58.
Devoe L. Outcomes of second-trimester pregnancy terminations with misoprostol: Comparing 2 regimens - Discussion. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2005;193:548-50.
Edwards. Outcomes of second-trimester pregnancy terminations with misoprostol: Comparing 2 regimens - Closing statement. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2005;193:550.
Gebhardt DO. Misoprostol in a topsyturvy world. J.Med.Ethics 2001;27:205.
Hidar S, Jerbi M, Khairi H. Association of intravenous oxytocin to vaginal misoprostol for mid trimester labor induction. Am.J.Obstet.Gynecol. 2006;195:332-3.
Jain JK,.Mishell DR. 2Nd-Trimester Abortion - Reply. New England Journal of Medicine 1994;331:1716.
Jain JK,.Mishell DR, Jr. Misoprostol regimens for termination of second trimester pregnancy. Hum.Reprod. 2001;16:393.
Moore ML. Misoprostol-is more research needed? J.Perinat.Educ. 2002;11:43-7.
Nuthalapaty FS,.Ramsey PS. Association of intravenous oxytocin to vaginal misoprostol for mid trimester labor induction - Reply. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2006;195:333-4.
Rosenfield A. The difficult issue of second-trimester abortion. N.Engl.J.Med. 1994;331:324-5.
Trouton K. Re: a randomized trial comparing oral misoprostol with intra-amniotic prostaglandin F2alpha for second trimester terminations. J.Obstet.Gynaecol.Can. 2006;28:189.
Wong KS. Misoprostol regimens for termination of second trimester pregnancy. Human Reproduction 2001;16:393.
Young JM. 2Nd-Trimester Abortion. New England Journal of Medicine 1994;331:1716.
Young JM. Second trimester abortion. N.Engl.J.Med. 1994;331:1716.
Unspecified
[Anon]. Self-administration of misoprostol at 10-13 weeks of pregnancy. Reproductive Health Matters 2000;8:178-9.
Airoldi JA, O'Neill AM, Einhorn K, Hoffman M, Berghella V. Risk of uterine rupture using misoprostol in the second trimester in women with prior cesarean delivery. Obstetrics and Gynecology 2006;107:59S-60S.
Hollander D. For second-trimester abortion, women given misoprostol vaginally report the greatest satisfaction. Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health 2004;36:133.
Paun MF,.Bulucea C. Vaginal misoprostol is a medically sound, cost-effective option for second trimester therapeutic abortion. Human Reproduction 1999;14:255.