misoprostol

Induction of Abortion (Unspecified Gestation)

References to July 2007 (246 references)

Review Articles

Studies continue in methotrexate use. Contracept.Technol.Update. 1998;19:114, 119.

Cutting unsafe abortions. Afr.Health 1998;20:46.

Summary of evidence and research needs on the use of mifepristone in fertility regulation: consensus from the conference. Contraception 2003;68:401-7.

[Anon]. Urgent need for standardised misoprostol regimens. Reproductive Health Matters 2002;10:202.

[Anon]. Oral misoprostol alone is not reliable for medical abortion. Reproductive Health Matters 2006;14:237.

Aubeny E. [Trends since 1989, in France, of induced abortions by mifepristone (RU486) combined with a prostaglandin analogue]. Contracept.Fertil.Sex 1997;25:777-81.

Bardin CW, Robbins A, O'Connor BM, Spitz I. Medical abortion. Curr.Ther.Endocrinol.Metab 1997;6:305-11.

Beal MW. Update on medication abortion. Journal of Midwifery & Womens Health 2007;52:23-30.

Blanchard K, Clark S, Winikoff B, Gaines G, Kabani G, Shannon C. Misoprostol for women's health: a review. Obstet.Gynecol. 2002;99:316-32.

Bygdeman M. [Treatment in miscarriage and abortion. Widened use of drugs has many advantages]. Lakartidningen 1994;91:1396-7.

Capilla MC,.Bermejo VT. [Efficacy and safety of misoprostol in obstetrics]. Farm.Hosp. 2005;29:177-84.

da Silva DP, Knop FP, Mengue SS. Prenatal exposure to misoprostol and congenital anomalies: systematic review and meta-analysis. Reprod.Toxicol. 2006;22:666-71.

Espinoza H, Ellertson C, Garcia S, Schiavon R, Langer A. [Medical methods for pregnancy termination. A review of literature and its potential role in Mexico and Latin America]. Gac.Med.Mex. 2002;138:347-56.

Fiala C,.Gemzel-Danielsson K. Review of medical abortion using mifepristone in combination with a prostaglandin analogue. Contraception 2006;74:66-86.

Fielding SL, Lee SS, Schaff EA. Professional considerations for providing mifepristone-induced abortion. Nurse Pract. 2001;26:44-54.

Gemzell-Danielsson K, Bygdeman M, Aronsson A. Studies on uterine contractility following mifepristone and various routes of misoprostol. Contraception 2006;74:31-5.

Goldberg AB, Carusi DA, Meckstroth KR. Misoprostol in gynecology. Curr.Womens Health Rep. 2003;3:475-83.

Grimes DA. Medical abortion: public health and private lives. Am.J.Obstet.Gynecol. 2000;183:S1-S2.

Harper CC, Blanchard K, Grossman D, Henderson JT, Darney PD. Reducing maternal mortality due to elective abortion: Potential impact of misoprostol in low-resource settings. Int.J.Gynaecol.Obstet. 2007;98:66-9.

Marions L. Mifepristone dose in the regimen with misoprostol for medical abortion. Contraception 2006;74:21-5.

McGuffey EC. Contraceptive options for the 1990s. J.Am.Pharm.Assoc.(Wash.) 1997;NS37:149-53.

Miller S, Lehman T, Campbell M, Hemmerling A, Anderson SB, Rodriguez H et al. Misoprostol and declining abortion-related morbidity in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic: a temporal association. BJOG. 2005;112:1291-6.

Petersen MB, Rorbye C, Nilas L. [Large variation in clinical regimens use to induce medical abortion in Denmark]. Ugeskr.Laeger 2003;165:2187-90.

Peyron R, Ulmann A, Baulieu EE. [Mifepristone (RU 486): present status, prospectives]. Presse Med. 1995;24:295-8.

Pohls UG, Steck T, Dietl J. [Fetal complications after failed pregnancy termination in the first trimester]. Z.Geburtshilfe Neonatol. 2000;204:153-7.

Pohls UG, Steck T, Dietl J. Fetal complications associated with unsuccessful attempts at termination of pregnancy. Zeitschrift fur Geburtshilfe und Neonatologie 2000;204:153-7.

Potts M. Non-surgical abortion: who's for methotrexate? Lancet 1995;346:655-6.

Potts M. Meeting the contraceptive and AIDS prevention needs of people living on a dollar a day. Reprod.Fertil.Dev. 2001;13:739-47.

Pradhan P. Making unsafe abortion safe: medical method. Nepal.Med.Coll.J. 2004;6:147-51.

Rogo K. Improving technologies to reduce abortion-related morbidity and mortality. Int.J.Gynaecol.Obstet. 2004;85 Suppl 1:S73-S82.

Rosenman S,.Kleinman G. Cervical pregnancy: two case reports. Conn.Med. 2002;66:71-2.

Sarkar NN. Mifepristone: bioavailability, pharmacokinetics and use-effectiveness. Eur.J.Obstet.Gynecol.Reprod.Biol. 2002;101:113-20.

Schaff E. Evidence for shortening the time interval of prostaglandin after mifepristone for medical abortion. Contraception 2006;74:42-4.

Winikoff B, Ellertson C, Clark S. Analysis of failure in medical abortion. Contraception 1996;54:323-7.

Zou Y, Li YP, Lei ZW, Lu L, Jiang S, Li Q. [Side effect of mifepristone in combination with misoprostol for medical abortion]. Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke.Za Zhi. 2004;39:39-42.

Clinical Studies

Randomised Controlled Trials

Dahiya K, Madan S, Hooda R, Sangwan K, Khosla AH. Evaluation of the efficacy of mifepristone/misoprostol and methotrexate/misoprostol for medical abortion. Indian J.Med.Sci. 2005;59:301-6.

Fan GS, Jin L, Xi S, Li H. [Clinical observation of propofol combined with misoprostol for painless induced abortion]. Zhonghua Yi.Xue.Za Zhi. 2005;85:1106-8.

Foy R, Penney GC, Grimshaw JM, Ramsay CR, Walker AE, MacLennan G et al. A randomised controlled trial of a tailored multifaceted strategy to promote implementation of a clinical guideline on induced abortion care. BJOG. 2004;111:726-33.

Li R, Wang Z, Wu R. [Study on decidual and villous cells apoptosis and its control gene in medical abortion]. Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke.Za Zhi. 1999;34:281-3.

Moran T,.Deutsch R. Methotrexate/misoprostol vs. a more standard approach for termination of pregnancies of undetermined location: a randomized, controlled trial. J.Reprod.Med. 2005;50:784-92.

Pongsatha S,.Tongsong T. Intravaginal misoprostol for pregnancy termination. Int.J.Gynaecol.Obstet. 2004;87:176-7.

Schaff EA, DiCenzo R, Fielding SL. Comparison of misoprostol plasma concentrations following buccal and sublingual administration. Contraception 2005;71:22-5.

Tang OS, Xu J, Cheng L, Lee SW, Ho PC. The effect of contraceptive pills on the measured blood loss in medical termination of pregnancy by mifepristone and misoprostol: a randomized placebo controlled trial. Hum.Reprod. 2002;17:99-102.

Wiebe E. Pain control in medical abortion. Int.J.Gynaecol.Obstet. 2001;74:275-80.

Wiebe ER. Abortion induced with methotrexate and misoprostol: a comparison of various protocols. Contraception 1997;55:159-63.

Wiebe ER. Oral methotrexate compared with injected methotrexate when used with misoprostol for abortion. Am.J.Obstet.Gynecol. 1999;181:149-52.

Observational Studies

Women use illicit drug to induce abortion. Indian Med.Trib. 1993;1:11.

Women find mifepristone safe, acceptable method. Contracept.Technol.Update. 1998;19:113-4.

[Anon]. Clostridium sordellii toxic shock syndrome after medical abortion with mifepristone and intravaginal misoprostol - United States and Canada, 2001-2005 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 54, pg 724, 2005). Jama-Journal of the American Medical Association 2005;294:1894.

[Anon]. Home-use of misoprostol highly acceptable for Swedish women and their partners. Reproductive Health Matters 2005;13:165.

Adam MP, Manning MA, Beck AE, Kwan A, Enns GM, Clericuzio C et al. Methotrexate/misoprostol embryopathy: report of four cases resulting from failed medical abortion. Am.J.Med.Genet.A 2003;123:72-8.

Akin A, Blum J, Ozalp S, Onderoglu L, Kirca U, Bilgili N et al. Results and lessons learned from a small medical abortion clinical study in Turkey. Contraception 2004;70:401-6.

Ashok PW, Templeton A, Wagaarachchi PT, Flett GM. Factors affecting the outcome of early medical abortion: a review of 4132 consecutive cases. BJOG. 2002;109:1281-9.

Austin J, Ford MD, Rouse A, Hanna E. Acute intravaginal misoprostol toxicity with fetal demise. J.Emerg.Med. 1997;15:61-4.

Beckman LJ,.Harvey SM. Experience and acceptability of medical abortion with mifepristone and misoprostol among U.S. women. Womens Health Issues 1997;7:253-62.

Blanchard K, Schaffer K, McLeod S, Winikoff B. Medication abortion in the private sector in South Africa. Eur.J.Contracept.Reprod.Health Care 2006;11:285-90.

Blum J, Hajri S, Chelli H, Mansour FB, Gueddana N, Winikoff B. The medical abortion experiences of married and unmarried women in Tunis, Tunisia. Contraception 2004;69:63-9.

Briozzo L, Vidiella G, Rodriguez F, Gorgoroso M, Faundes A, Pons JE. A risk reduction strategy to prevent maternal deaths associated with unsafe abortion. Int.J.Gynaecol.Obstet. 2006;95:221-6.

Castle MA, Harvey SM, Beckman L, Coeytaux F, Garrity JM. Listening and learning from women about mifepristone: implications for counseling and health education. Womens Health Issues 1995;5:130-8.

Clark S, Ellertson C, Winikoff B. Is medical abortion acceptable to all American women: the impact of sociodemographic characteristics on the acceptability of mifepristone-misoprostol abortion. J.Am.Med.Womens Assoc. 2000;55:177-82.

Coelho HL, Teixeira AC, Santos AP, Forte EB, Morais SM, La Vecchia C et al. Misoprostol and illegal abortion in Fortaleza, Brazil. Lancet 1993;341:1261-3.

Cowett AA, Cohen LS, Lichtenberg ES, Stika CS. Ultrasound evaluation of the endometrium after medical termination of pregnancy. Obstet.Gynecol. 2004;103:871-5.

Coyaji K, Elul B, Krishna U, Otiv S, Ambardekar S, Bopardikar A et al. Mifepristone abortion outside the urban research hospital setting in India. Lancet 2001;357:120-2.

Creinin MD,.Jerald H. Success rates and estimation of gestational age for medical abortion vary with transvaginal ultrasonographic criteria. Am.J.Obstet.Gynecol. 1999;180:35-41.

Cronemberger MF, Castro Moreira JB, Brunoni D, Mendonca TS, Alvarenga EH, Rizzo AM et al. Ocular and clinical manifestations of Mobius' syndrome. J.Pediatr.Ophthalmol.Strabismus 2001;38:156-62.

Dagousset I, Fourrier E, Aubeny E, Taurelle R. [Use of Misoprostol for medical abortion: a trial of the acceptability for home use]. Gynecol.Obstet.Fertil. 2004;32:28-33.

Daisley H. Case reports 1. Maternal mortality following the use of misoprostol. Medicine Science and the Law 2000;40:78-82.

Daisley H, Jr. Maternal mortality following the use of misoprostol. Med.Sci.Law 2000;40:78-82.

de Souza AI, Cecatti JG, Ferreira LOC, Santos LC. Reasons for hospitalization due to abortion and pregnancy termination. Journal of Tropical Pediatrics 1999;45:31-6.

Ellertson C, Simonds W, Winikoff B, Springer K, Bagchi D. Providing mifepristone-misoprostol medical abortion: the view from the clinic. J.Am.Med.Womens Assoc. 1999;54:91-6.

Elul B, Pearlman E, Sorhaindo A, Simonds W, Westhoff C. In-depth interviews with medical abortion clients: thoughts on the method and home administration of misoprostol. J.Am.Med.Womens Assoc. 2000;55:169-72.

Espinoza H, Abuabara K, Ellertson C. Physicians' knowledge and opinions about medication abortion in four Latin American and Caribbean region countries. Contraception 2004;70:127-33.

Faundes A, Santos LC, Carvalho M, Gras C. Post-abortion complications after interruption of pregnancy with misoprostol. Adv.Contracept. 1996;12:1-9.

Fielding SL, Edmunds E, Schaff EA. Having an abortion using mifepristone and home misoprostol: a qualitative analysis of women's experiences. Perspect.Sex Reprod.Health 2002;34:34-40.

Fischer M, Bhatnagar J, Guarner J, Reagan S, Hacker JK, Van Meter SH et al. Fatal toxic shock syndrome associated with Clostridium sordellii after medical abortion. N.Engl.J.Med. 2005;353:2352-60.

Fonseca W, Misago C, Correia LL, Parente JA, Oliveira FC. [Determinants of induced abortion among poor women admitted to hospitals in a locality of northeastern Brazil]. Rev.Saude Publica 1996;30:13-8.

Fonseca W, Misago C, Correia LL, Parente JAM, Oliveira FC. Determinants of induced abortion among poor women admitted to hospitals in locality of the region, northeast Brazil. Revista de Saude Publica 1996;30:13-8.

Fontenelle L, Araujo APDC, Fontana RS. Moebius syndrome: case report. Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 2001;59:812-4.

Ganatra B, Manning V, Pallipamulla SP. Availability of medical abortion pills and the role of chemists: a study from Bihar and Jharkhand, India. Reprod.Health Matters. 2005;13:65-74.

Gonzalez CH, Marques-Dias MJ, Kim CA, Sugayama SM, Da Paz JA, Huson SM et al. Congenital abnormalities in Brazilian children associated with misoprostol misuse in first trimester of pregnancy. Lancet 1998;351:1624-7.

Gonzalez CH, Marques-Dias MJ, Kim CA, Paz JA, Sugayama SMM, Valente M. Misoprostol embryopathy: clinical evaluations of 13 patients with congenital hydrocephaly. American Journal of Human Genetics 2002;71:279.

Gould H, Ellertson C, Corona G. Knowledge and attitudes about the differences between emergency contraception and medical abortion among middle-class women and men of reproductive age in Mexico City. Contraception 2002;66:417-26.

Graf WD,.Shepard TH. Uterine contraction in the development of Mobius syndrome. J.Child Neurol. 1997;12:225-7.

Haimov-Kochman R, Arbel R, Sciaky-Tamir Y, Brzezinski A, Laufer N, Yagel S. Risk factors for unsuccessful medical abortion with mifepristone and misoprostol. Acta Obstet.Gynecol.Scand. 2007;86:462-6.

Hajri S, Blum J, Gueddana N, Saadi H, Maazoun L, Chelli H et al. Expanding medical abortion in Tunisia: women's experiences from a multi-site expansion study. Contraception 2004;70:487-91.

Harvey SM, Beckman LJ, Satre SJ. Choice of and satisfaction with methods of medical and surgical abortion among US clinic patients. Family Planning Perspectives 2001;33:212-6.

Harvey SM,.Nichols MD. Development and evaluation of the abortion attributes questionnaire. Journal of Social Issues 2005;61:95-107.

Harwood B, Meckstroth KR, Mishell DR, Jain JK. Serum beta-human chorionic gonadotropin levels and endometrial thickness after medical abortion. Contraception 2001;63:255-6.

Hassoun D,.Perin I. [Ambulatory medical abortion performed in a family planning center]. J.Gynecol.Obstet.Biol.Reprod.(Paris) 2006;35:483-9.

Hedley A, Ellertson C, Trussell J, Turner AN, Aubeny E, Coyaji K et al. Accounting for time: insights from a life-table analysis of the efficacy of medical abortion. Am.J.Obstet.Gynecol. 2004;191:1928-33.

Hedley A, Trussell J, Turner AN, Coyaji K, Ngoc NT, Winikoff B et al. Differences in efficacy, differences in providers: results from a hazard analysis of medical abortion. Contraception 2004;69:157-63.

Henriques A, Lourenco AV, Ribeirinho A, Ferreira H, Graca LM. Maternal death related to misoprostol overdose. Obstet.Gynecol. 2007;109:489-90.

Henshaw K,.Finer LB. The accessibility of abortion services in the United States, 2001. Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health 2003;35:16-24.

Hess RF. Women's stories of abortion in southern Gabon, Africa. J.Transcult.Nurs. 2007;18:41-8.

Ho PC. Women's perceptions on medical abortion. Contraception 2006;74:11-5.

Jermy K, Oyelese O, Bourne T. Uterine anomalies and failed surgical termination of pregnancy: the role of routine preoperative transvaginal sonography. Ultrasound Obstet.Gynecol. 1999;14:431-3.

Jewkes RK, Gumede T, Westaway MS, Dickson K, Brown H, Rees H. Why are women still aborting outside designated facilities in metropolitan South Africa? BJOG. 2005;112:1236-42.

Kiran U, Amin P, Penketh RJ. Self-administration of misoprostol for termination of pregnancy: safety and efficacy. J.Obstet.Gynaecol. 2004;24:155-6.

Lafaurie MM, Grossman D, Troncoso E, Billings DL, Chavez S. Women's perspectives on medical abortion in Mexico, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru: a qualitative study. Reprod.Health Matters. 2005;13:75-83.

Lara D, Abuabara K, Grossman D, Diaz-Olavarrieta C. Pharmacy provision of medical abortifacients in a Latin American city. Contraception 2006;74:394-9.

Lialios G, Kallitsaris A, Mademtzis J, Messinis IE. Uterine perforation as a rare complication of attempted pregnancy termination with misoprostol: a case report. J.Reprod.Med. 2006;51:599-600.

Lin SK, Ho ES, Chen YJ. Hematosalpinx: an unusual complication after medical abortion with oral mifepristone and misoprostol. Ultrasound Obstet.Gynecol. 2005;25:416-7.

Liu B, Sun J, Tao W. [The pathological investigations on termination of early pregnancy with mifepristone]. Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke.Za Zhi. 1995;30:7-9.

Lu S, Wu R, Wang Z. [Expression of T-lymphocytes and cytokines in the decidua of mifepristone with misoprostol for terminating early prengancy]. Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke.Za Zhi. 2001;36:625-7.

Machtinger R, Goldenberg M, Soriano D, Zolti M, Atlas M, Seidman DS. [Medical termination of pregnancy with mifepristone--initial experience at the Sheba Medical Center]. Harefuah 2003;142:666-8, 719.

Mamers PM, Lavelle AL, Evans AJ, Bell SM, Rusden JR, Healy DL. Women's satisfaction with medical abortion with RU486. Med.J.Aust. 1997;167:316-7.

Marsollier C, Tailland ML, Courtieu C, Dechaud H, Mares P. [The use of sulprostone (Nalador) in the evacuation of uterine contents. Apropos of 32 cases at the Department of Gynecology, University Hospital Center, Nimes, over 2 years (a retrospective study)]. J.Gynecol.Obstet.Biol.Reprod.(Paris) 1993;22:399-404.

Melgalve I, Lazdane G, Trapenciere I, Shannon C, Bracken H, Winikoff B. Knowledge and attitudes about abortion legislation and abortion methods among abortion clients in Latvia. European Journal of Contraception and Reproductive Health Care 2005;10:143-50.

Mendilcioglu I, Zorlu CG, Simsek M. Successful termination of a cervical pregnancy with misoprostol. Eur.J.Obstet.Gynecol.Reprod.Biol. 2003;106:96.

Mengue SS, Schenkel EP, Duncan BB, Schmidt MI. Prevalence and clinical correlates of unsuccessful use of drugs to induce menstruation. Contraception 1998;57:93-7.

Miller NH, Miller DJ, Pinkston Koenigs LM. Attitudes of the physician membership of the society for adolescent medicine toward medical abortions for adolescents. Pediatrics 1998;101:E4.

Misago C, Fonseca W, Correia L, Fernandes LM, Campbell O. Determinants of abortion among women admitted to hospitals in Fortaleza, North Eastern Brazil. Int.J.Epidemiol. 1998;27:833-9.

Nahar S, Rasul CH, Sayed A, Azim AK. Utility of misoprostol for labor induction in severe pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. J.Obstet.Gynaecol.Res. 2004;30:349-53.

Ngoc NTN, Winikoff B, Clark S, Ellertson C, Am KN, Hieu DT et al. Safety, efficacy and acceptability of mifepristone-misoprostol medical abortion in Vietnam. International Family Planning Perspectives 1999;25:10-+.

Olinto MT,.Moreira Filho DC. [Estimating the frequency of induced abortion: a comparison of two methods]. Rev.Panam.Salud Publica 2004;15:331-6.

Olinto MTA,.Moreira DD. Estimating the frequency of induced abortion: a comparison of two methods. Revista Panamericana de Salud Publica-Pan American Journal of Public Health 2004;15:331-6.

Osorio-de-Castro CG, Pepe VL, Luiza VL, Cosendey MA, Freitas AM, Miranda FF et al. [Prescribed and reported drug use during pregnancy]. Cad.Saude Publica 2004;20 Suppl 1:S73-S82.

Osuna E, Toucedo MA, Sanchez-Espigares G, Garfia A, Aparicio FJ, Rueda J et al. A case of self-inflicted wounding by the introduction of needles through the abdominal wall to induce abortion. Forensic Science International 2002;128:141-5.

Pastuszak AL, Schuler L, Speck-Martins CE, Coelho KE, Cordello SM, Vargas F et al. Use of misoprostol during pregnancy and Mobius' syndrome in infants. N.Engl.J.Med. 1998;338:1881-5.

Petersen MB, Rorbye C, Nilas L. [Large variation in clinical regimens use to induce medical abortion in Denmark]. Ugeskr.Laeger 2003;165:2187-90.

Prine L, Lesnewski R, Berley N, Gold M. Medical abortion in family practice: a case series. J.Am.Board Fam.Pract. 2003;16:290-5.

Qiu X, Li D, Zhou X. [Study of histopathology of endometrium following termination of early pregnancy using mifepristone]. Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke.Za Zhi. 1999;34:272-4.

Rademakers J, Koster E, Jansen-van Hees ACV, Willems F. Medical abortion as an alternative to vacuum aspiration: first experiences with the 'abortion pill' in The Netherlands. European Journal of Contraception and Reproductive Health Care 2001;6:185-91.

Ramachandar L,.Pelto PJ. Medical abortion in rural Tamil Nadu, South India: a quiet transformation. Reprod.Health Matters. 2005;13:54-64.

Raymond E, Kaczorowski J, Smith P, Sellors J, Walsh A. Medical abortion and family physicians - Survey of residents and practitioners in two Ontario settings. Canadian Family Physician 2002;48:538-44.

Remez L. Medical abortion regimen with reduced mifepristone dose, home misoprostol use is feasible and effective. International Family Planning Perspectives 2001;27:210-1.

Rocha J. Brazil investigates drug's possible link with birth defects. BMJ 1994;309:757-8.

Rosa RF, Travi GM, Valiatti F, Zen PR, Pinto LL, Kiss A et al. Poland syndrome associated with an aberrant subclavian artery and vascular abnormalities of the retina in a child exposed to misoprostol during pregnancy. Birth Defects Res.A Clin.Mol.Teratol. 2007;79:507-11.

Rosing MA,.Archbald CD. The knowledge, acceptability, and use of misoprostol for self-induced medical abortion in an urban US population. J.Am.Med.Womens Assoc. 2000;55:183-5.

Schuler L, Pastuszak A, Sanseverino TV, Orioli IM, Brunoni D, Ashton-Prolla P et al. Pregnancy outcome after exposure to misoprostol in Brazil: a prospective, controlled study. Reprod.Toxicol. 1999;13:147-51.

Schwendke A, Zarkadas M, Alder J, Horner E, Bitzer J, Holzgreve W. [Medical abortion with mifepristone and misoprostol: study of the efficacy, somatic tolerance and perception of medical abortion]. Gynakol.Geburtshilfliche Rundsch. 2002;42:225-33.

Simonds W, Ellertson C, Winikoff B, Springer K. Providers, pills and power: the US mifepristone abortion trials and caregivers' interpretations of clinical power dynamics. Health 2001;5:207-31.

Sina ED. The reduction in maternal mortality in Chile, 1990-200. Revista Panamericana de Salud Publica-Pan American Journal of Public Health 2004;15:326-30.

Sit D, Rothschild AJ, Creinin MD, Hanusa BH, Wisner KL. Psychiatric outcomes following medical and surgical abortion. Hum.Reprod. 2007;22:878-84.

Sorensen EC, Iversen OE, Bjorge L. Failed medical termination of twin pregnancy with mifepristone: a case report. Contraception 2005;71:231-3.

Tamang A,.Tamang J. Availability and acceptability of medical abortion in Nepal: health care providers' perspectives. Reprod.Health Matters. 2005;13:110-9.

Tschudin S, Zanotelli D, Bitzer J, Holzgreve W. Experiences with medical abortion, in particular postabortion control, treatment in case of residuals and subsequent contraception. Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde 2004;64:1299-304.

Van Bebber SL, Phillips KA, Weitz TA, Gould H, Stewart F. Patient costs for medication abortion: Results from a study of five clinical practices. Womens Health Issues 2006;16:4-13.

Vargas FR, Schuler-Faccini L, Brunoni D, Kim C, Meloni VF, Sugayama SM et al. Prenatal exposure to misoprostol and vascular disruption defects: a case-control study. Am.J.Med.Genet. 2000;95:302-6.

Virgo KS, Carr TR, Hile A, Virgo JM, Sullivan GM, Kaikati JG. Medical versus surgical abortion: A survey of knowledge and attitudes among abortion clinic patients. Womens Health Issues 1999;9:143-54.

Weng L, Jiao L, Tang X. [Histological study of uterine cervix during termination of early pregnancy by mifepristone and prostaglandins]. Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke.Za Zhi. 1995;30:522-5.

Wiebe ER,.Switzer P. Arteriovenous malformations of the uterus associated with medical abortion. Int.J.Gynaecol.Obstet. 2000;71:155-8.

Wiebe ER. Misoprostol administration in medical abortion. A comparison of three regimens. J.Reprod.Med. 2001;46:125-9.

Winikoff B, Sivin I, Coyaji KJ, Cabezas E, Xiao BL, Gu SJ et al. The acceptability of medical abortion in China, Cuba and India. International Family Planning Perspectives 1997;23:73-&.

Cost-effectiveness

Creinin MD, Shore E, Balasubramanian S, Harwood B. The true cost differential between mifepristone and misoprostol and misoprostol-alone regimens for medical abortion. Contraception 2005;71:26-30.

Pharmacology

Blanchard K, Winikoff B, Ellertson C. Use of misoprostol during pregnancy and Mobius' syndrome in infants. N.Engl.J.Med. 1998;339:1553-4.

Castilla EE,.Orioli IM. Teratogenicity of misoprostol: data from the Latin-American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations (ECLAMC). Am.J.Med.Genet. 1994;51:161-2.

Cronemberger MF, Castro Moreira JB, Brunoni D, Mendonca TS, Alvarenga EH, Rizzo AM et al. Ocular and clinical manifestations of Mobius' syndrome. J.Pediatr.Ophthalmol.Strabismus 2001;38:156-62.

da Silva DP, Knop FP, Mengue SS. Prenatal exposure to misoprostol and congenital anomalies: systematic review and meta-analysis. Reprod.Toxicol. 2006;22:666-71.

Dai M, Liu Q, Zi X, Peng D. [Effect of total glycoside from Clinopodium polycephalum on uterine bleeding quantity in drug abortion model rats]. Zhong.Yao Cai. 2002;25:342-4.

Danielsson KG, Swahn ML, Bygdeman M. Effect of Antiprogestin, Hcg and A Prostaglandin Analog on Human Uterine Contractility. Contraception 1993;47:295-301.

Fonseca W, Alencar AJ, Mota FS, Coelho HL. Misoprostol and congenital malformations. Lancet 1991;338:56.

Fontenelle L, Araujo APDC, Fontana RS. Moebius syndrome: case report. Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 2001;59:812-4.

Gemzell-Danielsson K, Bygdeman M, Aronsson A. Studies on uterine contractility following mifepristone and various routes of misoprostol. Contraception 2006;74:31-5.

Graf WD,.Shepard TH. Uterine contraction in the development of Mobius syndrome. J.Child Neurol. 1997;12:225-7.

Henriques A, Lourenco AV, Ribeirinho A, Ferreira H, Graca LM. Maternal death related to misoprostol overdose. Obstet.Gynecol. 2007;109:489-90.

Kruse B, Poppema S, Creinin MD, Paul M. Management of side effects and complications in medical abortion. Am.J.Obstet.Gynecol. 2000;183:S65-S75.

Marques-Dias MJ. Physiopathogeny of Moebius syndrome and arthrogriposis due to in utero misoprostrol exposure. Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 2000;58:590.

Pastuszak AL, Schuler L, Speck-Martins CE, Coelho KE, Cordello SM, Vargas F et al. Use of misoprostol during pregnancy and Mobius' syndrome in infants. N.Engl.J.Med. 1998;338:1881-5.

Pastuszak AL,.Schuler L. Use of misoprostol during pregnancy and Mobius' syndrome in infants - reply. New England Journal of Medicine 1998;339:1554.

Pohls UG, Steck T, Dietl J. Fetal complications associated with unsuccessful attempts at termination of pregnancy. Zeitschrift fur Geburtshilfe und Neonatologie 2000;204:153-7.

Schaff EA, DiCenzo R, Fielding SL. Comparison of misoprostol plasma concentrations following buccal and sublingual administration. Contraception 2005;71:22-5.

Shepard TH. Mobius syndrome after misoprostol: a possible teratogenic mechanism. Lancet 1995;346:780.

van Look PF,.von Hertzen H. Misoprostol and birth defects. BMJ 1995;310:128.

Vargas FR, Schuler-Faccini L, Brunoni D, Kim C, Meloni VF, Sugayama SM et al. Prenatal exposure to misoprostol and vascular disruption defects: a case-control study. Am.J.Med.Genet. 2000;95:302-6.

Winikoff B. Clostridium sordellii infection in medical abortion. Clin.Infect.Dis. 2006;43:1447-8.

Winsor EJ, Windrim R, Chitayat D, Ryan G, Seaward G, Akoury H. Success rate for culture of fetal postmortem tissue is dependent on the method of pregnancy termination. Fetal Diagn.Ther. 2005;20:306-8.

Zou Y, Li YP, Lei ZW, Lu L, Jiang S, Li Q. [Side effect of mifepristone in combination with misoprostol for medical abortion]. Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke.Za Zhi. 2004;39:39-42.

Politics/ Licensing/ Ethics

Misoprostol and legal medical abortion. Lancet 1991;338:1241-2.

Medical abortion options may advance in 1998. Contracept.Technol.Update. 1997;18:149-50.

Cutting unsafe abortions. Afr.Health 1998;20:46.

New warning for mifepristone and misoprostol. Lancet 2005;366:344.

[Anon]. Urgent need for standardised misoprostol regimens. Reproductive Health Matters 2002;10:202.

Aubeny E. [Trends since 1989, in France, of induced abortions by mifepristone (RU486) combined with a prostaglandin analogue]. Contracept.Fertil.Sex 1997;25:777-81.

Barbosa RM,.Arilha M. The Brazilian experience with Cytotec. Stud.Fam.Plann. 1993;24:236-40.

Berer M. Making abortions safe: a matter of good public health policy and practice. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 2000;78:580-92.

Brun J,.Legernaes K. [Misoprostol for inducing abortion is often stopped on religious and legal reasons]. Lakartidningen 2006;103:4053.

Cohen J, Ortiz O, Llaguno SE, Goodyear L, Billings D, Martinez I. Reaching women with instructions on misoprostol use in a Latin American country. Reprod.Health Matters. 2005;13:84-92.

Costa SH. Commercial availability of misoprostol and induced abortion in Brazil. Int.J.Gynaecol.Obstet. 1998;63 Suppl 1:S131-S139.

Davey A. Mifepristone and prostaglandin for termination of pregnancy: contraindications for use, reasons and rationale. Contraception 2006;74:16-20.

De Costa CM. Medical abortion for Australian women: it's time. Med.J.Aust. 2005;183:378-80.

Friedman MA. Manufacturer's warning regarding unapproved uses of misoprostol. N.Engl.J.Med. 2001;344:61.

Goldman LA, Garcia SG, Diaz J, Yam EA. Brazilian obstetrician-gynecologists and abortion: a survey of knowledge, opinions and practices. Reprod.Health 2005;2:10.

Grimes DA. Unsafe abortion: the silent scourge. Br.Med.Bull. 2003;67:99-113.

Grimes DA, Benson J, Singh S, Romero M, Ganatra B, Okonofua FE et al. Unsafe abortion: the preventable pandemic. Lancet 2006;368:1908-19.

Grimes DA, Benson J, Singh S, Romero M, Ganatra B, Okonofua FE et al. Sexual and reproductive health 4 - Unsafe abortion: the preventable pandemic. Lancet 2006;368:1908-19.

Iversen OE,.Bergsjo P. [Should antiprogesterone be used in pregnancy termination?]. Tidsskr.Nor Laegeforen. 1998;118:212-3.

Joffe C. Reactions to medical abortion among providers of surgical abortion: an early snapshot. Fam.Plann.Perspect. 1999;31:35-8.

Joffe C. Roe v. Wade at 30: What are the prospects for abortion provision? Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health 2003;35:29-33.

Joffe C,.Weitz TA. Normalizing the exceptional: incorporating the "abortion pill" into mainstream medicine. Social Science & Medicine 2003;56:2353-66.

Kleiverda G. [First trimester medical abortion: a good method that is seldom used in The Netherlands]. Ned.Tijdschr.Geneeskd. 2006;150:766-9.

Kolata G. U.S. may allow anti-ulcer drug tied to abortion. NY Times (Print.) 1988;1, 5.

Lowenstein E,.Wanzer SH. The U.S. Attorney General's intrusion into medical practice. N.Engl.J.Med. 2002;346:447-8.

Nash ES. Legal termination of pregnancy. S.Afr.Med.J. 2003;93:87.

Nathanson BN. The abortion cocktail. First.Things. 1996;59:23-6.

Pheterson G,.Azize Y. Abortion practice in the northeast Caribbean: "Just write down stomach pain". Reprod.Health Matters. 2005;13:44-53.

Pollack AE,.Pine RN. Opening a door to safe abortion: international perspectives on medical abortifacient use. J.Am.Med.Womens Assoc. 2000;55:186-8.

Rao KA,.Faundes A. Access to safe abortion within the limits of the law. Best Practice & Research in Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology 2006;20:421-32.

Singh S. Hospital admissions resulting from unsafe abortion: estimates from 13 developing countries. Lancet 2006;368:1887-92.

Editorials/ Letters/ Opinions

Misoprostol and legal medical abortion. Lancet 1991;338:1241-2.

Death after RU-486. NY Times (Print.) 2006;A22.

Aubeny E. [The efficacy and acceptability of voluntary interruption of pregnancy by medication without hospitalization in a city hospital: a prospective study of 433 patients]. Gynecol.Obstet.Fertil. 2005;33:727-8.

Baird DT, Norman JE, Thong KJ, Glasier AF. Misoprostol, mifepristone, and abortion. Lancet 1992;339:313.

Blanchard K, Winikoff B, Ellertson C. Use of misoprostol during pregnancy and Mobius' syndrome in infants. N.Engl.J.Med. 1998;339:1553-4.

Blinder V, Elul B, Winikoff B. Mifepristone-misoprostol medical abortion: who will use it and why? Am.J.Obstet.Gynecol. 1998;179:1376.

Castilla EE,.Orioli IM. Teratogenicity of misoprostol: data from the Latin-American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations (ECLAMC). Am.J.Med.Genet. 1994;51:161-2.

Coelho HI, Misago C, da Fonseca WV, Sousa DS, de Araujo JM. Selling abortifacients over the counter in pharmacies in Fortaleza, Brazil. Lancet 1991;338:247.

da Silva DP, Tierling VL, Schuler-Faccin L, Sanseverino MT, Mengue SS. Reproductive results associated with misoprostol and other substances utilized for interruption of pregnancy. Eur.J.Clin.Pharmacol. 2005;61:71-2.

Darney PD. Deaths associated with medication abortion. Contraception 2005;72:319.

Downie WW. Misuse of misoprostol. Lancet 1991;338:247.

Fonseca W, Alencar AJ, Mota FS, Coelho HL. Misoprostol and congenital malformations. Lancet 1991;338:56.

Fonseca W, Misago C, Kanji N. Misoprostol plus mifepristone. Lancet 1991;338:1594.

Hassan T. Misoprostol (Cytotec). Midwifery Today Int.Midwife. 2001;67-8.

Hofmeyr GJ. Misoprostol in obstetrics and gynaecology--unregistered, dangerous and essential. S.Afr.Med.J. 1998;88:535-6.

Kilpatrick SJ. Perinatal morbidity associated with misoprostol-induced labor - Reply. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2000;182:750.

Mohamedbhai AG, Hassan Miyan AM, Lacombe D. Neonatal Proteus syndrome? Am.J.Med.Genet. 2002;112:228-30.

Pastuszak AL,.Schuler L. Use of misoprostol during pregnancy and Mobius' syndrome in infants - reply. New England Journal of Medicine 1998;339:1554.

Schaff EA. Methotrexate and Misoprostol Are Effective in Inducing Abortion. American Family Physician 1995;52:2341.

Schuler L, Ashton PW, Sanseverino MT. Teratogenicity of misoprostol. Lancet 1992;339:437.

Shepard TH. Mobius syndrome after misoprostol: a possible teratogenic mechanism. Lancet 1995;346:780.

Sicard D,.Chauvelot-Moachon L. Comment: pathophysiology of mifepristone-induced septic shock due to Clostridium sordellii. Ann.Pharmacother. 2005;39:2142-3.

Ulmann A. Warning on low dose mifepristone use. Pharmacoeconomics. 1994;6:90.

van Look PF,.von Hertzen H. Misoprostol and birth defects. BMJ 1995;310:128.

Zahradnik HP. Misuse of Misoprostol for Inducing Abortion. Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift 1992;117:1735-6.

Unspecified

Methotrexate and misoprostol for abortion. Med.Lett.Drugs Ther. 1996;38:39-40.

Options expand in wait for mifepristone arrival. Contracept.Technol.Update. 1998;19:158-60.

Mifepristone (RU 486). Med.Lett.Drugs Ther. 2000;42:101-2.

Althaus F. Misoprostol alone is not a highly effective medical abortion regimen, but it rarely causes side effects. International Family Planning Perspectives 1996;22:133-4.

Chavkin W. Topics for our times: Public health on the line - Abortion and beyond. American Journal of Public Health 1996;86:1204-6.

Couzin J. infectious disease. RU-486-linked deaths open debate about risky bacteria. Science 2006;312:986.

Ewart WR,.Winikoff B. Toward safe and effective medical abortion. Science 1998;281:520-1.

Faucher P. [Acceptability of misoprostol at home for voluntary drug-induced abortion. Gynecol Obstet Fertil 2004; 32 : 26-33]. Gynecol.Obstet.Fertil. 2004;32:472-3.

Filippini A, Villa G, Corrocher R, De Franceschi L. Acute Hemolytic Anemia With Acanthocytosis Associated With High-Dose Misoprostol for Medical Abortion. Ann.Emerg.Med. 2006.

Gehred GA. Abortion procedure. J.Fam.Pract. 1997;45:194.

Haimov-Kochman R, Sciaky-Tamir Y, Arbel R, Brzezinski A, Laufer N, Yagel S. Is ultrasound evaluation following medical abortion with mifegine and misoprostol necessary? Journal of the Society for Gynecologic Investigation 2004;11:321A.

Kolata G. Any sale in U.S. of abortion pill still years away. NY Times (Print.) 1988;1, 26.

Nilas L,.Ottesen BS. [Should early abortion be treated medically?]. Ugeskr.Laeger 2006;168:293-4.

Okonofua F. Misoprostol and women's health in Africa. Afr.J.Reprod.Health 2005;9:7-3.

Orr RD,.Larimore WL. Medical abortion is not just a medical issue. American Family Physician 1997;56:351-&.

Rouzi AA. Complications of self-induced medical abortion with misoprostol. Saudi.Med.J. 2003;24:228.

Schneider AP. Abortion procedure. J.Fam.Pract. 1997;45:193.

Schonhofar PS. Brazil: misuse of misoprostol as an abortifacient may induce malformations. Lancet 1991;337:1534-5.

Winikoff B,.Davis AR. Abortion is for women. Lancet 2007;369:1904-6.