Background information
Referenced to July 2007 (128 articles)
Review Articles
Baskett TF. The development of prostaglandins. Best Practice & Research in Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology 2003;17:703-+.
Gai M,.Weng X. [Summary of national congress on proper using drugs in obstetrics]. Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke.Za Zhi. 1998;33:392-4.
Harrison P. Scientific presentations at Royal College meeting take look at medicine's bottom line. CMAJ. 1995;153:1779-81.
Holmes LB. Teratogen-induced limb defects. Am.J.Med.Genet. 2002;112:297-303.
Trifonov I. ["For" and "against" the use of cytotec in obstetrics and gynaecology]. Akush.Ginekol.(Sofiia) 2004;43:55-8.
Ulmann A, Peyron R, Silvestre L. Clinical uses of mifepristone (MFP). Ann.N.Y.Acad.Sci. 1995;761:248-60.
Winikoff B, Clark S, Blanchard K, Gaines G. The safety and effectiveness of Misoprostol in the obstetrics and gynecology practice: A review of available literature. Journal of Investigative Medicine 2000;48:4A.
Yu J, Zhang J, Song Y. [Clinical uses of misoprostol in obstetrics and gynecology]. Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke.Za Zhi. 1998;33:55-7.
Clinical Studies
Randomised Controlled Trials
No studies identified
Observational Studies
Curry M,.Simpson D. Supporting not punishing. A constructive approach to managing clinical errors. Pract.Midwife. 2000;3:14-5.
Cost-effectiveness
No studies identified
Pharmacology
[Anon]. Misoprostol. Birth Defects Research Part A-Clinical and Molecular Teratology 2005;73:327.
Allgaier C,.Meder W. Cultured chick sympathetic neurons: prostanoid EP1 receptor-mediated facilitation of noradrenaline release. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch.Pharmacol. 1995;352:447-50.
Anderson LE, Schultz MK, Wiltbank MC. Prostaglandin moieties that determine receptor binding specificity in the bovine corpus luteum. J.Reprod.Fertil. 1999;116:133-41.
Armstrong RA, Marr C, Jones RL. Characterization of the EP-receptor mediating dilatation and potentiation of inflammation in rabbit skin. Prostaglandins 1995;49:205-24.
Asboth G, Phaneuf S, Europe-Finner GN, Toth M, Bernal AL. Prostaglandin E2 activates phospholipase C and elevates intracellular calcium in cultured myometrial cells: involvement of EP1 and EP3 receptor subtypes. Endocrinology 1996;137:2572-9.
Asboth G, Phaneuf S, Lopez Bernal AL. Prostaglandin E receptors in myometrial cells. Acta Physiol Hung. 1997;85:39-50.
Brasil R, Coelho HL, D'Avanzo B, La Vecchia C. Misoprostol and congenital anomalies. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety 2000;9:401-3.
Brecht T. Effects of misoprostol on human circulation. Prostaglandins 1987;33 Suppl:51-60.
Brent RL. Congenital-Malformation Case-Reports - the Editors and Reviewers Dilemma. American Journal of Medical Genetics 1993;47:872-4.
Breyer RM, Davis LS, Nian C, Redha R, Stillman B, Jacobson HR et al. Cloning and expression of the rabbit prostaglandin EP4 receptor. Am.J.Physiol 1996;270:F485-F493.
Bygdeman M. Pharmacokinetics of prostaglandins. Best.Pract.Res.Clin.Obstet.Gynaecol. 2003;17:707-16.
Chen D, Tsay RJ, Lin HI, Chen H, Chao SC, Ku H. Stabilization and sustained-release effect of misoprostol with methacrylate copolymer. Int.J.Pharm. 2000;203:141-8.
Ciprandi G, Scordamaglia A, Paolieri F, Tosca MA, Canonica GW. Invitro Immune-Response to Misoprostol (Synthetic Prostaglandin). International Journal of Immunotherapy 1991;7:133-6.
Collins PW, Pappo R, Dajani EZ. Chemistry and synthetic development of misoprostol. Dig.Dis.Sci. 1985;30:114S-7S.
Collins PW, Gasiecki AF, Weier RM, Kramer SW, Jones PH, Gullikson GW et al. Alpha-Chain Unsaturated Derivatives of Misoprostol. Prostaglandins 1987;33:17-28.
Crider JY, Griffin BW, Sharif NA. Endogenous EP4 prostaglandin receptors coupled positively to adenylyl cyclase in Chinese hamster ovary cells: pharmacological characterization. Prostaglandins Leukot.Essent.Fatty Acids 2000;62:21-6.
Dendorfer U, Oettgen P, Libermann TA. Multiple regulatory elements in the interleukin-6 gene mediate induction by prostaglandins, cyclic AMP, and lipopolysaccharide. Mol.Cell Biol. 1994;14:4443-54.
Dodd DC, Port CD, Deslex P, Regnier B, Sanders P, Indacochearedmond N. 2-Year Evaluation of Misoprostol for Carcinogenicity in Cd Sprague-Dawley Rats. Toxicologic Pathology 1987;15:125-33.
Eglen RM,.Whiting RL. The action of prostanoid receptor agonists and antagonists on smooth muscle and platelets. Br.J.Pharmacol. 1988;94:591-601.
Fedyk ER, Ripper JM, Brown DM, Phipps RP. A molecular analysis of PGE receptor (EP) expression on normal and transformed B lymphocytes: coexpression of EP1, EP2, EP3beta and EP4. Mol.Immunol. 1996;33:33-45.
Foote EF, Garnett WR, Lee DR, Karim A, Luketic VA, Keane WF et al. Disposition of Misoprostol and Its Active Metabolite in Impaired Hepatic Function. Am.J.Ther. 1994;1:162-8.
Foote EF, Lee DR, Karim A, Keane WF, Halstenson CE. Disposition of misoprostol and its active metabolite in patients with normal and impaired renal function. J.Clin.Pharmacol. 1995;35:384-9.
Fuchs AR, Graddy LG, Kowalski AA, Fields MJ. Oxytocin induces PGE2 release from bovine cervical mucosa in vivo. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. 2002;70:119-29.
Goharkhay N, Wing DA, Pan V, McCausland V, Hanna M, Naidu YM et al. The expression of EP3-6 and inducible nitric oxide synthase messenger RNA are correlated in pregnant and misoprostol-treated but not in nongravid or menopausal myometrium. Am.J.Obstet.Gynecol. 2002;186:1202-6.
Goureau O, Tanfin Z, Marc S, Harbon S. Diverse prostaglandin receptors activate distinct signal transduction pathways in rat myometrium. Am.J.Physiol 1992;263:C257-C265.
Guan Y, Stillman BA, Zhang Y, Schneider A, Saito O, Davis LS et al. Cloning and expression of the rabbit prostaglandin EP2 receptor. BMC.Pharmacol. 2002;2:14.
Gullikson GW, Loeffler RF, Mehrotra DV, Casler JJ, Bianchi RG, Schmidt RE et al. Polymeric delivery of the active isomer of misoprostol reduces systemic availability and uterotonic activity. J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther. 1995;273:1123-31.
Hafirassou H, Chiadmi F, Schlatter J, Ratiney R, Fontan JE. Stability of misoprostol in suppositories. Am.J.Health Syst.Pharm. 2005;62:1192-4.
Hamon M, Berthaut J, Wisner A, Dray F, Descomps B, Dao TH. Modulation of human myometrial PGE2 receptor by GTP characterization of receptor subtype. Prostaglandins 1993;46:251-68.
Hicks CR, Dirr MJ, Charest RP, Hartke J, Ruble AC, Soper D et al. Activity and receptor selectivity of misoprostol, sulprostone and 8-hydroxy variants at cloned human EP3 and EP1 receptors. Faseb Journal 1998;12:A1386.
Hillock CJ,.Crankshaw DJ. Inhibitory prostanoid EP receptors in human non-pregnant myometrium. Eur.J.Pharmacol. 1999;378:99-108.
Hirata K,.Horie T. A prostaglandin E-1 analog, OP-1206, alleviates 5-fluorouracil-induced injury of rat small intestine. Research Communications in Molecular Pathology and Pharmacology 1999;104:243-51.
Holmes LB. Teratogen-induced limb defects. Am.J.Med.Genet. 2002;112:297-303.
Honda A, Sugimoto Y, Namba T, Watabe A, Irie A, Negishi M et al. Cloning and expression of a cDNA for mouse prostaglandin E receptor EP2 subtype. J.Biol.Chem. 1993;268:7759-62.
Hussain A,.Ahsan F. The vagina as a route for systemic drug delivery. Journal of Controlled Release 2005;103:301-13.
Jones RL, Qian YM, Chan KM, Yim AP. Characterization of a prostanoid EP3-receptor in guinea-pig aorta: partial agonist action of the non-prostanoid ONO-AP-324. Br.J.Pharmacol. 1998;125:1288-96.
Kararli TT,.Catalano T. Stabilization of misoprostol with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) against degradation by water. Pharm.Res. 1990;7:1186-9.
Kararli TT, Needham TE, Seul CJ, Finnegan PM, Hidvegi MI, Hurlbut J. Physical state of misoprostol in hydroxypropyl methylcellulose films. Pharm.Res. 1990;7:1181-5.
Khasar SG, Ouseph AK, Chou B, Ho T, Green PG, Levine JD. Is there more than one prostaglandin E receptor subtype mediating hyperalgesia in the rat hindpaw? Neuroscience 1995;64:1161-5.
Kiriyama M, Ushikubi F, Kobayashi T, Hirata M, Sugimoto Y, Narumiya S. Ligand binding specificities of the eight types and subtypes of the mouse prostanoid receptors expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Br.J.Pharmacol. 1997;122:217-24.
Kishore V, Womack IM, Lee AS, Kamath B, Agrawal KC. HPLC assay for the simultaneous analysis of prostacyclin analog iloprost and prostaglandin E analog misoprostol. Faseb Journal 1996;10:1356.
Kotsonis FN, Dodd DC, Regnier B, Kohn FE. Preclinical toxicology profile of misoprostol. Dig.Dis.Sci. 1985;30:142S-6S.
Lawrence RA,.Jones RL. Investigation of the prostaglandin E (EP-) receptor subtype mediating relaxation of the rabbit jugular vein. Br.J.Pharmacol. 1992;105:817-24.
Leethongdee S, Kershaw CM, Scaramuzzi RJ, Khalid M. The effect of misoprostol on FSH-R MRNA expression in the ovine cervix. Reproduction in Domestic Animals 2006;41:373.
Lydford SJ,.McKechnie K. Characterization of the prostaglandin E2 sensitive (EP)-receptor in the rat isolated trachea. Br.J.Pharmacol. 1994;112:133-6.
Malinowska B, Godlewski G, Buczko W, Schlicker E. EP3 receptor-mediated inhibition of the neurogenic vasopressor response in pithed rats. Eur.J.Pharmacol. 1994;259:315-9.
Martin MP, Jonvillebera AP, Bera F, Caillard X, Autret E. Interaction Between Misoprostol and Acenocoumarol. Presse Medicale 1995;24:195.
Martin MP, Jonville-Bera AP, Bera F, Caillard X, Autret E. [Interaction between misoprostol and acenocoumarol]. Presse Med. 1995;24:195.
Meja KK, Barnes PJ, Giembycz MA. Characterization of the prostanoid receptor(s) on human blood monocytes at which prostaglandin E2 inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced tumour necrosis factor-alpha generation. Br.J.Pharmacol. 1997;122:149-57.
Miller RC, Lanasa P, Hanson WR. Misoprostol-induced radioprotection of Syrian hamster embryo cells in utero from cell death and oncogenic transformation. Radiat.Res. 1994;139:109-14.
Moreland RB, Kim NN, Nehra A, Parulkar BG, Traish A. Misoprostol induces relaxation of human corpus cavernosum smooth muscle: comparison to prostaglandin E1. Int.J.Impot.Res. 2000;12:107-10.
Nakae K, Hayashi F, Hayashi M, Yamamoto N, Iino T, Yoshikawa S et al. Functional role of prostacyclin receptor in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons. Neurosci.Lett. 2005;388:132-7.
Nayak NR, Ghosh D, Sengupta J. Effects of luteal phase administration of mifepristone (RU486) and prostaglandin analogue or inhibitor on endometrium in the rhesus monkey. Hum.Reprod. 1998;13:1047-56.
Negishi M, Harazono A, Sugimoto Y, Hazato A, Kurozumi S, Ichikawa A. TEI-3356, a highly selective agonist for the prostaglandin EP3 receptor. Prostaglandins 1994;48:275-83.
Noll AE,.Summers-Rada J. Misoprostol (PGE(1)) induces the expression of prostaglandin E receptors in human uterine cervical fibroblasts. Journal of the Society for Gynecologic Investigation 2006;13:332A.
Nunes ML, Friedrich MA, Loch LF. Association of misoprostol, Moebius syndrome and congenital central alveolar hypoventilation. Case report. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 1999;57:88-91.
Orioli IM,.Castilla EE. Epidemiological assessment of misoprostol teratogenicity. BJOG. 2000;107:519-23.
Paumgartten FJ, Magalhaes-de-Souza CA, de Carvalho RR, Chahoud I. Embryotoxic effects of misoprostol in the mouse. Braz.J.Med.Biol.Res. 1995;28:355-61.
Pawlowska-Goral K, Wardas M, Maciejewska-Paszek I, Skiba M, Nogaj S. The usefulness of antioxidative enzymes for the estimation of synthetic effects of PGE1 analogue. Exp.Toxicol.Pathol. 2001;53:195-7.
Pottie K. Is misoprostol teratogenic? Misoprostol use during early pregnancy and its association with Mobius' syndrome. Can.Fam.Physician 1999;45:315-6.
Robillard N, Foultier MT, Patrice T, Harb J. Endothelial Cell-Growth Kinetics After Incubation with the Pge-1 Synthetic Analog Misoprostol Invitro. Basic and Applied Histochemistry 1988;32:386.
Rodriguez A, Nomen M, Spur BW, Godfroid JJ. Synthesis of H-2(3)-labelled misoprostol and its primary plasma metabolite. Journal of Labelled Compounds & Radiopharmaceuticals 1999;42:843-50.
Roston DA, Sun JJ, Collins PW, Perkins WE, Tremont SJ. Supercritical fluid extraction-liquid chromatography method development for a polymeric controlled-release drug formulation. J.Pharm.Biomed.Anal. 1995;13:1513-20.
Schaff E, DiCenzo R, Fielding S. Comparing the pharmacokinetics of misoprostol sublingual and buccal administration. Pharmacotherapy 2003;23:1368.
Schoenhard G, Oppermann J, Kohn FE. Metabolism and pharmacokinetic studies of misoprostol. Dig.Dis.Sci. 1985;30:126S-8S.
Senior J, Marshall K, Sangha R, Baxter GS, Clayton JK. In vitro characterization of prostanoid EP-receptors in the non-pregnant human myometrium. Br.J.Pharmacol. 1991;102:747-53.
Senior J, Marshall K, Sangha R, Baxter GS, Clayton JK. Invitro Characterization of Prostanoid Ep-Receptors in the Nonpregnant Human Myometrium. British Journal of Pharmacology 1991;102:747-53.
Senior J, Marshall K, Sangha R, Clayton JK. Invitro Characterization of Prostanoid Receptors on Human Myometrium at Term Pregnancy. British Journal of Pharmacology 1993;108:501-6.
Shah S, Morris J, Sulaiman A, Farhadieh B, Truelove J. Development of Misoprostol 3-Hour Controlled Release Formulations Using Response-Surface Methodology. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy 1992;18:1079-98.
Sharif NA,.Xu SX. Pharmacological characterization and identification of EP3 prostanoid receptor binding sites in hamster uterus homogenates. J.Pharm.Pharmacol. 2004;56:197-203.
Sonmez AS, Birincioglu M, Turkoz Y, Adam B, Lurie D, Chuong CJ. Effects of misoprostol on lipoprotein (a) levels of ovariectomized rats. Fertil.Steril. 1999;72:518-21.
Soper D, Brann M, Amburgey J, Miley C, Wos J, Wang Y et al. Activity and receptor selectivity of misoprostol, sulprostone and 9-hydroxy variants at cloned human EP3 and EP1 receptors. Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society 1998;215:U923.
Talpain E, Armstrong RA, Coleman RA, Vardey CJ. Characterization of the PGE receptor subtype mediating inhibition of superoxide production in human neutrophils. Br.J.Pharmacol. 1995;114:1459-65.
Taskin O, Trak B, Mendilcioglu I, Saka O. Clarifications and relationships between estrogen and prostaglandins. Fertil.Steril. 2000;73:873-4.
Teixeira MM, al Rashed S, Rossi AG, Hellewell PG. Characterization of the prostanoid receptors mediating inhibition of PAF-induced aggregation of guinea-pig eosinophils. Br.J.Pharmacol. 1997;121:77-82.
Toledo-Velasquez D, Gaud HT, Connors KA. Misoprostol dehydration kinetics in aqueous solution in the presence of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose. J.Pharm.Sci. 1992;81:145-8.
van Buul PP, Duyn-Goedhart A, de Rooij DG, Sankaranarayanan K. Differential radioprotective effects of misoprostol in DNA repair-proficient and -deficient or radiosensitive cell systems. Int.J.Radiat.Biol. 1997;71:259-64.
van der Bijl P, Thompson IOC, Squier CA. Comparative permeability of human vaginal and buccal mucosa to water. European Journal of Oral Sciences 1997;105:571-5.
Watzer B, Seyberth HW, Schweer H. Determination of misoprostol free acid in human breast milk and serum by gas chromatography/negative ion chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry. J.Mass Spectrom. 2002;37:927-33.
Waymack JP, Klimpel G, Haithcoat J, Rutan RL, Herndon DN. Effect of prostaglandin E on immune function in normal healthy volunteers. Surg.Gynecol.Obstet. 1992;175:329-32.
Wheeldon A,.Vardey CJ. Characterization of the inhibitory prostanoid receptors on human neutrophils. Br.J.Pharmacol. 1993;108:1051-4.
Wilson RJ, Rhodes SA, Wood RL, Shield VJ, Noel LS, Gray DW et al. Functional pharmacology of human prostanoid EP2 and EP4 receptors. Eur.J.Pharmacol. 2004;501:49-58.
Wing DA, Goharkhay N, Hanna M, Naidu YM, Kovacs BW, Felix JC. EP3-2 receptor mRNA expression is reduced and EP3-6 receptor mRNA expression is increased in gravid human myometrium. J.Soc.Gynecol.Investig. 2003;10:124-9.
Wing DA, Goharkhay N, Felix JC, Rostamkhani M, Naidu YM, Kovacs BW. Expression of the oxytocin and V1a vasopressin receptors in human myometrium in differing physiologic states and following misoprostol administration. Gynecol.Obstet.Invest 2006;62:181-5.
Wise H,.Jones RL. Characterization of prostanoid receptors on rat neutrophils. Br.J.Pharmacol. 1994;113:581-7.
Womack IM, Lee AS, Kamath B, Agrawal KC, Kishore V. A high performance liquid radiochromatographic assay for the simultaneous analysis of iloprost and misoprostol. Prostaglandins 1996;52:249-59.
Yokotani K, Nishihara M, Murakami Y, Hasegawa T, Okuma Y, Osumi Y. Elevation of plasma noradrenaline levels in urethane-anaesthetized rats by activation of central prostanoid EP3 receptors. Br.J.Pharmacol. 1995;115:672-6.
Zeng L, An S, Goetzl EJ. EP4/EP2 receptor-specific prostaglandin E2 regulation of interleukin-6 generation by human HSB.2 early T cells. J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther. 1998;286:1420-6.
Politics/ Licensing/ Ethics
Mifepristone approval delayed, supporters look to action by FDA. Contracept.Technol.Update. 2000;21:53-5.
Calhoun BC,.Harrison DJ. Challenges to the FDA approval of mifepristone. Annals of Pharmacotherapy 2004;38:163-8.
Nemecek S. The second abortion pill. Sci.Am. 2000;283:16, 18.
Pardo A. [A medical commentary on the approval of RU-486]. Rev.Med.Univ Navarra 1998;42:226-7.
Rizvi JH,.Zuberi NF. Women's health in developing countries. Best Practice & Research in Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology 2006;20:907-22.
Summers L. It is likely that CNM's prescriptive privileges will, in the near future, cover mifepristone and misoprostol. J.Nurse Midwifery 1997;42:436-7.
Editorials/ Letters/ Opinions
Coelho HL. [Misoprostol: the solution is not so easy]. Rev.Saude Publica 1998;32:394-5.
de Muelenaere C. Misoprostol and Mobius syndrome. S.Afr.Med.J. 1999;89:12, 14.
Goer H. Misoprostol and uterine rupture. Birth 2000;27:224-5.
Hirsch G. Misoprostol and Mobius' syndrome - Response. South African Medical Journal 1999;89:12-+.
McDonough PG. Irreproducible results: good for surgeons, bad for scientists. Fertil.Steril. 2000;74:189-90.
Sanchez-Ramos L. Two sides to the Cytotec debate. Birth Gaz. 2000;16:7, 48-7, 49.
Taskin O, Trak B, Mendilcioglu I, Saka O. Clarifications and relationships between estrogen and prostaglandins. Fertil.Steril. 2000;73:873-4.
Unspecified
Birth control: more & safer choices. Consum.Rep. 2005;70:36-8.
[Anon]. Portuguese women learn about misoprostol from Women on Waves. Reproductive Health Matters 2005;13:200.
Coelho HLL. Misoprostol: the solution is not so easy. Revista de Saude Publica 1998;32:394-5.
Collins PW. Misoprostol - Discovery, Development, and Clinical-Applications. Medicinal Research Reviews 1990;10:149-72.
Danielsson KG,.Aronsson A. [Valuable drug for women in poor countries scraped--why?]. Lakartidningen 2006;103:3901-2.
Debski R, Kaminski K, Marianowski L. [Misoprostol in gynecology--utilization, role and adverse effects]. Ginekol.Pol. 2003;74:3-5.
Escumalha M, Gouveia C, Cunha M, Carreiro H, Machado MC, Martins-Vale F. Misoprostol: An unrecognized cause of morbidity in VLBW infants? Pediatric Research 2002;52:803.
Facchinetti F, Venturini P, Blasi I, Giannella L. Changes in the cervical competence in preterm labour. Bjog-An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 2005;112:23-7.
Goer H. "Spin doctoring" the research. Birth-Issues in Perinatal Care 2003;30:124-9.
Halmesmaki E,.Nuutila M. [Misoprostol in gynecology and obstetrics]. Duodecim 1998;114:1422-4.
Herting RL,.Nissen CH. [Clinical experiences with misoprostol]. Fortschr.Med. 1986;104:865-8.
Holechek MJ. Prostaglandin E1 analogues: misoprostol. ANNA.J. 1992;19:212-3.
Katsulov A,.Todorova T. [Misoprostol--a new prostaglandin in obstetrical practice]. Akush.Ginekol.(Sofiia) 1998;37:59-66.
Mariani NC, Delbin AL, do Val JR. [Tocographic pattern induced by misoprostol]. Rev.Paul Med. 1988;106:205-8.
Schroedel JR. Assessing medical abortion in the US: One year after the FDA approval of mifepristone. Women & Politics 2002;24:1-11.
Ulmann A. [Misoprostol: Why Gymiso?]. Gynecol.Obstet.Fertil. 2006;34:883-4.
von Werder K. [RU 486: safe and wrongfully maligned]. Fortschr.Med. 1993;111:8-9.
Wagner M. Cytotec induction and off-label use. Midwifery Today Int.Midwife. 2003;31-3.
Weeks A. Clarifying the role of misoprostol in obstetrics. Afr.Health Sci. 2001;1:52-4.
