HomeAvailabilityGuidelinesOff Label UseDangersLinksBibliography
Cervical Ripening
References to July 2008
 
 
Review Articles
 
 Agostini A, Blanc K, Ronda I, Capelle M, Cravello L, Blanc B. [Cervical ripening using misoprostol before hysteroscopy]. Gynecol.Obstet.Fertil. 2006;34:49-53.
Bechard dS. [Use of misoprostol in gynecology and obstetrics]. Gynecol.Obstet.Fertil. 2002;30:317-24.
Bradley LD. Complications in hysteroscopy: prevention, treatment and legal risk. Curr.Opin.Obstet.Gynecol. 2002;14:409-15.
Crane JM,.Healey S. Use of misoprostol before hysteroscopy: a systematic review. J.Obstet.Gynaecol.Can. 2006;28:373-9.
Dommergues M. Termination of pregnancy for fetal neurological abnormalities. Childs Nervous System 2003;19:600-4.
Fiala C. Gemzell-Danielsson K. Tang OS. von Hertzen H. Cervical priming with misoprostol prior to transcervical procedures. International Journal of Gynaecology & Obstetrics. 99 Suppl 2:S168-71, 2007 Dec.
 
Flett GMM,.Templeton A. Surgical abortion. Best Practice & Research in Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology 2002;16:247-61.
Gelber S,.Sciscione A. Mechanical methods of cervical ripening and labor induction. Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology 2006;49:642-57.
Goldberg AB, Greenberg MB, Darney PD. Misoprostol and pregnancy. N.Engl.J.Med. 2001;344:38-47.
Goldberg AB, Carusi DA, Meckstroth KR. Misoprostol in gynecology. Curr.Womens Health Rep. 2003;3:475-83.
Ho PC, Yu Ng EH, Tang OS. Mifepristone: contraceptive and non-contraceptive uses. Curr.Opin.Obstet.Gynecol. 2002;14:325-30.
Lefebvre P, Monniez N, Norel G, Prevost D, Scharfman W. TOP: new perspectives for local anesthesia. Contraception Fertilite Sexualite 1998;26:53-8.
Lefebvre P, Monniez N, Norel G, Prevost D, Scharfman W. [Voluntary abortion: new perspectives in local anesthesia]. Contracept.Fertil.Sex 1998;26:53-8.
Lichtenberg ES. Complications of osmotic dilators. Obstet.Gynecol.Surv. 2004;59:528-36.
Milliez J. [Cervical ripening]. J.Gynecol.Obstet.Biol.Reprod.(Paris) 1997;26:21-5.
Ngai SW, Tang OS, Ho PC. Prostaglandins for induction of second-trimester termination and intrauterine death. Best.Pract.Res.Clin.Obstet.Gynaecol. 2003;17:765-75.
Rath W. A clinical evaluation of controlled-release dinoprostone for cervical ripening--a review of current evidence in hospital and outpatient settings. J.Perinat.Med. 2005;33:491-9.
Scheepers HC, van Erp EJ, van den Bergh AS. Use of misoprostol in first and second trimester abortion: a review. Obstet.Gynecol.Surv. 1999;54:592-600.
Singh K,.Fong YF. Preparation of the cervix for surgical termination of pregnancy in the first trimester. Hum.Reprod.Update. 2000;6:442-8.
Sitruk-Ware R. Mifepristone and misoprostol sequential regimen side effects, complications and safety. Contraception 2006;74:48-55.
Vilos GA,.Abu-Rafea B. New developments in ambulatory hysteroscopic surgery. Best.Pract.Res.Clin.Obstet.Gynaecol. 2005;19:727-42.
Wildemeersch D. New frameless and framed intrauterine devices and systems - An overview. Contraception 2007;75:S82-S92.
Wing DA. A benefit-risk assessment of misoprostol for cervical ripening and labour induction. Drug Saf 2002;25:665-76.
Winkler M,.Rath W. A risk-benefit assessment of oxytocics in obstetric practice. Drug Safety 1999;20:323-45.
Zust S, Hosli I, Surbek D, Holzgreve W. [Adverse effects of misprostol in pregnancy]. Z.Geburtshilfe Neonatol. 2001;205:43-8.
 
 
Clinical Studies
 
Randomised Controlled Trials
 
Adeniji AO, Olayemi O, Odukogbe AA. Intravaginal misoprostol versus transcervical Foley catheter in pre-induction cervical ripening. Int.J.Gynaecol.Obstet. 2006;92:130-2.
Aronsson A, Bygdeman M, Gemzell-Danielsson K. Effects of misoprostol on uterine contractility following different routes of administration. Hum.Reprod. 2004;19:81-4.
Aronsson A, Helstrom L, Gemzell-Danielsson K. Sublingual compared with oral misoprostol for cervical dilatation prior to vacuum aspiration: a randomized comparison. Contraception 2004;69:165-9.
Aronsson A, Ulfgren AK, Stabi B, Stavreus-Evers A, Gemzell-Danielsson K. The effect of orally and vaginally administered misoprostol on inflammatory mediators and cervical ripening during early pregnancy. Contraception 2005;72:33-9.
Aronsson A, Fiala C, Stephansson O, Granath F, Watzer B, Schweer H et al. Pharmacokinetic profiles up to 12 h after administration of vaginal, sublingual and slow-release oral misoprostol. Hum.Reprod. 2007;22:1912-8.
Arteaga-Troncoso G, Villegas-Alvarado A, Belmont-Gomez A, Martinez-Herrera FJ, Villagrana-Zesati R, Guerra-Infante F. Intracervical application of the nitric oxide donor isosorbide dinitrate for induction of cervical ripening: a randomised controlled trial to determine clinical efficacy and safety prior to first trimester surgical evacuation of retained products of conception. BJOG. 2005;112:1615-9.
Ashok PW, Flett GM, Templeton A. Mifepristone versus vaginally administered misoprostol for cervical priming before first-trimester termination of pregnancy: a randomized, controlled study. Am.J.Obstet.Gynecol. 2000;183:998-1002.
Ashok PW, Hamoda H, Nathani F, Flett GM, Templeton A. Randomised controlled study comparing oral and vaginal misoprostol for cervical priming prior to surgical termination of pregnancy. BJOG. 2003;110:1057-61.
Atmaca R, Kafkasli A, Burak F, Germen AT. Priming effect of misoprostol on estrogen pretreated cervix in postmenopausal women. Tohoku J.Exp.Med. 2005;206:237-41.
Barcaite E, Bartusevicius A, Railaite DR, Nadisauskiene R. Vaginal misoprostol for cervical priming before hysteroscopy in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. Int.J.Gynaecol.Obstet. 2005;91:141-5.
Bisharah M, Alfozan H, Tulandi T. A randomized controlled trial of sublingual misoprostol for cervical priming-before hysteroscopy. Fertility and Sterility 2002;78:S79.
Bisharah M, Al Fozan H, Tulandi T. A randomized trial of sublingual misoprostol for cervical priming before hysteroscopy. J.Am.Assoc.Gynecol.Laparosc. 2003;10:390-1.
Batukan C. Ozgun MT. Ozcelik B. Aygen E. Sahin Y. Turkyilmaz C. Cervicalripening before operative hysteroscopy in premenopausal women: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled comparison of vaginal and oral misoprostol.Fertility & Sterility. 89(4):966-73, 2008 Apr.
 
Bokstrom H, Atterfelt P, Alexandersson M, Brannstrom M, Norstrom A. Preoperative cervical softening before first trimester legal abortion by mifepristone and misoprostol - A double-blind, randomized, clinical, biochemical, and immunohistochemical study. Contraception 1998;58:157-63.
Bugalho A, Bique C, Almeida L, Bergstrom S. Application of vaginal misoprostol before cervical dilatation to facilitate first-trimester pregnancy interruption. Obstet.Gynecol. 1994;83:729-31.
Bunnasathiansri S, Herabutya Y, Prasertsawat P. Vaginal misoprostol for cervical priming before dilatation and curettage in postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial. J.Obstet.Gynaecol.Res. 2004;30:221-5.
Cakir L, Dilbaz B, Caliskan E, Dede FS, Dilbaz S, Haberal A. Comparison of oral and vaginal misoprostol for cervical ripening before manual vacuum aspiration of first trimester pregnancy under local anesthesia: a randomized placebo-controlled study. Contraception 2005;71:337-42.
Caliskan E. Filiz T. Yucesoy G. Coskun E. Vural B. Corakci A. Sublingual versus vaginal misoprostol for cervicalripening PRIOR TO manual vacuum aspiration under local anaesthesia: a randomized study. European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care. 12(4):372-7, 2007 Dec.
 
Carbonell Esteve JL, Mari JM, Valero F, Llorente M, Salvador I, Varela L et al. Sublingual versus vaginal misoprostol (400 microg) for cervical priming in first-trimester abortion: a randomized trial. Contraception 2006;74:328-33.
Carbonell JL, Velazco A, Rodriguez Y, Tanda R, Sanchez C, Barambio S et al. Oral versus vaginal misoprostol for cervical priming in first-trimester abortion: a randomized trial. Eur.J.Contracept.Reprod.Health Care 2001;6:134-40.
Carbonell JL, Gallego FG, Llorente MP, Bermudez SB, Sala ES, Gonzalez LV et al. Vaginal vs. sublingual misoprostol with mifepristone for cervical priming in second-trimester abortion by dilation and evacuation: a randomized clinical trial. Contraception 2007;75:230-7.
Chan CC, Tang OS, Ng EH, Li CF, Ho PC. Intracervical sodium nitroprusside versus vaginal misoprostol in first trimester surgical termination of pregnancy: a randomized double-blinded controlled trial. Hum.Reprod. 2005;20:829-33.
Choksuchat C, Cheewadhanaraks S, Getpook C, Wootipoom V, Dhanavoravibul K. Misoprostol for cervical ripening in non-pregnant women: a randomized double-blind controlled trial of oral versus vaginal regimens. Hum.Reprod. 2006;21:2167-70.
Cooper KG, Pinion SB, Bhattacharya S, Parkin DE. The effects of the gonadotrophin releasing hormone analogue (goserelin) and prostaglandin E1 (misoprostol) on cervical resistance prior to transcervical resection of the endometrium. Br.J.Obstet.Gynaecol. 1996;103:375-8.
da Costa AR. Pinto-Neto AM. Amorim M. Paiva LH. Scavuzzi A. Schettini J. Use of misoprostol prior to hysteroscopy in postmenopausal women: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology.15(1):67-73, 2008 Jan-Feb.
 
Darwish AM, Ahmad AM, Mohammad AM. Cervical priming prior to operative hysteroscopy: a randomized comparison of laminaria versus misoprostol. Hum.Reprod. 2004;19:2391-4.
David M,.Chen FC. Comparison of isosorbide mononitrate (Mono Mack) and misoprostol (Cytotec) for cervical ripening in the first trimester missed abortion. Arch.Gynecol.Obstet. 2005;273:144-5.
de Jonge ET, Jewkes R, Levin J, Rees H. Randomised controlled trial of the efficacy of misoprostol used as a cervical ripening agent prior to termination of pregnancy in the first trimester. S.Afr.Med.J. 2000;90:256-62.
Edelman AB, Buckmaster JG, Goetsch MF, Nichols MD, Jensen JT. Cervical preparation using laminaria with adjunctive buccal misoprostol before second-trimester dilation and evacuation procedures: a randomized clinical trial. Am.J.Obstet.Gynecol. 2006;194:425-30.
Ekerhovd E, Radulovic N, Norstrom A. Gemeprost versus misoprostol for cervical priming before first-trimester abortion: a randomized controlled trial. Obstet.Gynecol. 2003;101:722-5.
El Refaey H, Calder L, Wheatley DN, Templeton A. Cervical priming with prostaglandin E1 analogues, misoprostol and gemeprost. Lancet 1994;343:1207-9.
Fernandez H, Alby JD, Tournoux C, Chauveaud-Lambling A, DeTayrac R, Frydman R et al. Vaginal misoprostol for cervical ripening before operative hysteroscopy in pre-menopausal women: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with three dose regimens. Hum.Reprod. 2004;19:1618-21.
Fiala C, Aronsson A, Granath F, Stephansson O, Seyberth HW, Watzer B et al. Pharmacokinetics of a novel oral slow-release form of misoprostol. Hum.Reprod. 2005;20:3414-8.
Ficicioglu C, Tasdemir M, Tasdemir S. Effect of vaginal misoprostol application for cervical softening in pregnancy interruption before ten weeks of gestation. Acta Obstet.Gynecol.Scand. 1996;75:54-6.
Fong YF, Singh K, Prasad RN. A comparative study using two dose regimens (200 microg or 400 microg) of vaginal misoprostol for pre-operative cervical dilatation in first trimester nulliparae. Br.J.Obstet.Gynaecol. 1998;105:413-7.
Fung TM, Lam MH, Wong SF, Ho LC. A randomised placebo-controlled trial of vaginal misoprostol for cervical priming before hysteroscopy in postmenopausal women. BJOG. 2002;109:561-5.
Goldberg AB, Drey EA, Whitaker AK, Kang MS, Meckstroth KR, Darney PD. Misoprostol compared with laminaria before early second-trimester surgical abortion: a randomized trial. Obstet.Gynecol. 2005;106:234-41.
Hamoda H, Ashok PW, Flett GM, Templeton A. A randomized controlled comparison of sublingual and vaginal administration of misoprostol for cervical priming before first-trimester surgical abortion. Am.J.Obstet.Gynecol. 2004;190:55-9.
Herabutya Y,.Prasertsawat P. Misoprostol in the management of missed abortion. Int.J.Gynaecol.Obstet. 1997;56:263-6.
Hernandez-Valencia M. Cervical ripening with prostaglandin E-1: How an ambulatory method decreases the hospital stay in abortus with intrauterine fetal demise. Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy 2003;18:54-8.
Inal MM, Ertopcu K, Arici A, Ozelmas I. The effect of oral versus vaginal misoprostol on cervical dilatation in first-trimester abortion: a double-blind, randomized study. Eur.J.Contracept.Reprod.Health Care 2003;8:197-202.
Indman PD. Hysteroscopic treatment of submucous myomas. Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology 2006;49:811-20.
Kelekci S, Yilmaz B, Savan K. Misoprostol wetting with acetic acid for pre-abortion cervical priming. Int.J.Gynaecol.Obstet. 2004;85:188-9.
Khan RU, El Refaey H, Sharma S, Sooranna D, Stafford M. Oral, rectal, and vaginal pharmacokinetics of misoprostol. Obstet.Gynecol. 2004;103:866-70.
Lawrie A, Penney G, Templeton A. A randomised comparison of oral and vaginal misoprostol for cervical priming before suction termination of pregnancy. Br.J.Obstet.Gynaecol. 1996;103:1117-9.
Ledingham MA, Thomson AJ, Lunan CB, Greer IA, Norman JE. A comparison of isosorbide mononitrate, misoprostol and combination therapy for first trimester pre-operative cervical ripening: a randomised controlled trial. BJOG. 2001;108:276-80.
Lemyre M, Verret N, Turcot-Lemay L, Brassard N, Morin V. Foley catheter or vaginal misoprostol for cervical ripening: A randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2006;195:S105.
Li CF, Wong CY, Chan CP, Ho PC. A study of co-treatment of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) with misoprostol for cervical priming before suction termination of first trimester pregnancy. Contraception 2003;67:101-5.
Li HW, Wong CY, Lo SS, Fan SY. Effect of local lignocaine gel application for pain relief during suction termination of first-trimester pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial. Hum.Reprod. 2006;21:1461-6.
MacIsaac L, Grossman D, Balistreri E, Darney P. A randomized controlled trial of laminaria, oral misoprostol, and vaginal misoprostol before abortion. Obstet.Gynecol. 1999;93:766-70.
Ngai SW, Tang OS, Lao T, Ho PC, Ma HK. Oral misoprostol versus placebo for cervical dilatation before vacuum aspiration in first trimester pregnancy. Hum.Reprod. 1995;10:1220-2.
Ngai SW, Yeung KC, Lao T, Ho PC. Oral misoprostol versus vaginal gemeprost for cervical dilatation prior to vacuum aspiration in women in the sixth to twelfth week of gestation. Contraception 1995;51:347-50.
Ngai SW, Yeung KC, Lao T, Ho PC. Oral misoprostol versus mifepristone for cervical dilatation before vacuum aspiration in first trimester nulliparous pregnancy: a double blind prospective randomised study. Br.J.Obstet.Gynaecol. 1996;103:1120-3.
Ngai SW, Chan YM, Liu KL, Ho PC. Oral misoprostol for cervical priming in non-pregnant women. Hum.Reprod. 1997;12:2373-5.
Ngai SW, Chan YM, Tang OS, Ho PC. The use of misoprostol for pre-operative cervical dilatation prior to vacuum aspiration: a randomized trial. Hum.Reprod. 1999;14:2139-42.
Ngai SW, Chan YM, Ho PC. The use of misoprostol prior to hysteroscopy in postmenopausal women. Hum.Reprod. 2001;16:1486-8.
Okanlomo KA, Ngotho D, Moodley J. Effect of misoprostol for cervical ripening prior to pregnancy interruption before twelve weeks of gestation. East Afr.Med.J. 1999;76:552-5.
Oppegaard KS, Abdelnoor M, Nesheim BI, Jerve F, Eskild A. The use of oral misoprostol for pre-abortion cervical priming: a randomised controlled trial of 400 versus 200 microg in first trimester pregnancies. BJOG. 2004;111:154-9.
Oppegaard KS, Qvigstad E, Nesheim BI. Oral versus self-administered vaginal misoprostol at home before surgical termination of pregnancy: a randomised controlled trial. BJOG. 2006;113:58-64.
Oppegaard KS, Nesheim BI, Istre O, Qvigstad E. Comparison of self-administered vaginal misoprostol versus placebo for cervical ripening prior to operative hysteroscopy using a sequential trial design. BJOG. 2007;114:769, e1-12.
Oppegaard KS. Nesheim BI. Istre O. Qvigstad E. Comparison of self-administered vaginal misoprostol versus placebo for cervicalripening prior to operative hysteroscopy using a sequential trial design. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 115(5):663, e1-9, 2008 Apr.
 
Platz-Christensen JJ, Nielsen S, Hamberger L. Is misoprostol the drug of choice for induced cervical ripening in early pregnancy termination? Acta Obstet.Gynecol.Scand. 1995;74:809-12.
Preen AE, McKeeby JL, Catherino W, Alvero RJ. Oral misoprostol prior to operative hysteroscopy does not enhance cervical dilation or improve operative time: A prospective randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial. Fertility and Sterility 2002;78:S79-S80.
Preutthipan S,.Herabutya Y. A randomized controlled trial of vaginal misoprostol for cervical priming before hysteroscopy. Obstet.Gynecol. 1999;94:427-30.
Preutthipan S,.Herabutya Y. Vaginal misoprostol for cervical priming before operative hysteroscopy: a randomized controlled trial. Obstet.Gynecol. 2000;96:890-4.
Preutthipan S,.Herabutya Y. A randomized comparison of vaginal misoprostol and dinoprostone for cervical priming in nulliparous women before operative hysteroscopy. Fertil.Steril. 2006;86:990-4.
Radulovic N, Norstrom A, Ekerhovd E. Outpatient cervical ripening before first-trimester surgical abortion: a comparison between misoprostol and isosorbide mononitrate. Acta Obstet.Gynecol.Scand. 2007;86:344-8.
Saav I. Aronsson A. Marions L. Stephansson O. Gemzell-Danielsson K. Cervical priming with sublingual misoprostol prior to insertion of an intrauterine device in nulliparous women: a randomized controlled trial. Human Reproduction. 22(10):2647-52, 2007 Oct.
 
Saxena P, Salhan S, Sarda N. Role of sublingual misoprostol for cervical ripening prior to vacuum aspiration in first trimester interruption of pregnancy. Contraception 2003;67:213-7.
Saxena P, Salhan S, Sarda N. Comparison between the sublingual and oral route of misoprostol for pre-abortion cervical priming in first trimester abortions. Hum.Reprod. 2004;19:77-80.
Saxena P. Sarda N. Salhan S. Nandan D. A randomised comparison between sublingual, oral and vaginal route of misoprostol for pre-abortion cervicalripening in first-trimester pregnancy termination under local anaesthesia. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 48(1):101-6, 2008 Feb.
 
Schaff EA, DiCenzo R, Fielding SL. Comparison of misoprostol plasma concentrations following buccal and sublingual administration. Contraception 2005;71:22-5.
Schaub B, Fuhrer P, Sainte-Rose D. [Randomized study of sulprostone versus misoprostol in the cervical preparation before elective abortion in nulliparous women]. J.Gynecol.Obstet.Biol.Reprod.(Paris) 1995;24:505-10.
Schaub B, Fuhrer P, Sainte-Rose D. [Intravaginal misoprostol before induced abortion in nulliparous women]. Contracept.Fertil.Sex 1996;24:67-71.
Sharma S, El Refaey H, Stafford M, Purkayastha S, Parry M, Axby H. A randomised controlled trial comparing oral and vaginal misoprostol administered one hour before surgical abortion. Journal of the Society for Gynecologic Investigation 2004;11:158A.
Sharma S,.El Refaey H. Vaginal azithromycin and misoprostol before surgical abortion. Fertil.Steril. 2005;84:533-5.
Sharma S, Refaey H, Stafford M, Purkayastha S, Parry M, Axby H. Oral versus vaginal misoprostol administered one hour before surgical termination of pregnancy: a randomised controlled trial. BJOG. 2005;112:456-60.
Singh K, Fong YF, Prasad RN, Dong F. Randomized trial to determine optimal dose of vaginal misoprostol for preabortion cervical priming. Obstet.Gynecol. 1998;92:795-8.
Singh K, Fong YF, Prasad RN, Dong F. Evacuation interval after vaginal misoprostol for preabortion cervical priming: a randomized trial. Obstet.Gynecol. 1999;94:431-4.
Singh K, Fong YF, Prasad RN, Dong F. Does an acidic medium enhance the efficacy of vaginal misoprostol for pre-abortion cervical priming? Hum.Reprod. 1999;14:1635-7.
Singh K, Fong YF, Prasad RN, Dong F. Vaginal misoprostol for pre-abortion cervical priming: is there an optimal evacuation time interval? Br.J.Obstet.Gynaecol. 1999;106:266-9.
Sparrow MJ, Tait JD, Stone PR. Vaginal dinoprostone versus oral misoprostol for predilatation of the cervix in first trimester surgical abortion. Aust.N.Z.J.Obstet.Gynaecol. 1998;38:64-8.
Tang OS, Schweer H, Seyberth HW, Lee SW, Ho PC. Pharmacokinetics of different routes of administration of misoprostol. Hum.Reprod. 2002;17:332-6.
Tang OS, Mok KH, Ho PC. A randomized study comparing the use of sublingual to vaginal misoprostol for pre-operative cervical priming prior to surgical termination of pregnancy in the first trimester. Hum.Reprod. 2004;19:1101-4.
Thomas JA, Leyland N, Durand N, Windrim RC. The use of oral misoprostol as a cervical ripening agent in operative hysteroscopy: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Am.J.Obstet.Gynecol. 2002;186:876-9.
Thomson AJ, Lunan CB, Ledingham M, Howat RCL, Cameron IT, Greer IA et al. Randomised trial of nitric oxide donor versus prostaglandin for cervical ripening before first-trimester termination of pregnancy. Lancet 1998;352:1093-6.
Vimala N, Mittal S, Kumar S. Sublingual misoprostol for preabortion cervical ripening in first-trimester pregnancy termination. Contraception 2003;67:295-7.
Vimala N, Mittal S, Kumar S, Dadhwal V, Sharma Y. A randomized comparison of sublingual and vaginal misoprostol for cervical priming before suction termination of first-trimester pregnancy. Contraception 2004;70:117-20.
Vimala N, Mittal S, Dadhwal V. Cervical priming with sublingual misoprostol vs. 15-methyl-prostaglandin F2alpha prior to surgical abortion. Int.J.Gynaecol.Obstet. 2005;88:134-7.
Zalanyi S. Danazol mimics antigestagen action in first trimester termination of pregnancy. Eur.J.Obstet.Gynecol.Reprod.Biol. 2001;99:93-6.
 
Observational Studies
 
Castleman LD, Oanh KT, Hyman AG, Thuy lT, Blumenthal PD. Introduction of the dilation and evacuation procedure for second-trimester abortion in Vietnam using manual vacuum aspiration and buccal misoprostol. Contraception 2006;74:272-6.
Celentano C, Prefumo F, Di Andrea O, Presti F, Di Nisio Q, Rotmensch S. Oral misoprostol vs. vaginal gemeprost prior to surgical termination of pregnancy in nulliparae. Acta Obstet.Gynecol.Scand. 2004;83:764-8.
Chanrachakul B, Chittachareon A, Herabutya Y. Cephalocentesis with the modified Smellie's perforator. Int.J.Gynaecol.Obstet. 2002;76:203-6.
Clark S, Blum J, Blanchard K, Galvao L, Fletcher H, Winikoff B. Misoprostol use in obstetrics and gynecology in Brazil, Jamaica, and the United States. Int.J.Gynaecol.Obstet. 2002;76:65-74.
Darwish A. Modified hysteroscopic myomectomy of large submucous fibroids. Gynecol.Obstet.Invest 2003;56:192-6.
Fong YF, Singh K, Prasad RN. Severe hyperthermia following use of vaginal misoprostol for pre-operative cervical priming. Int.J.Gynaecol.Obstet. 1999;64:73-4.
Hern WM. Laminaria, induced fetal demise and misoprostol in late abortion. Int.J.Gynaecol.Obstet. 2001;75:279-86.
Holmes LB. Possible Fetal Effects of Cervical-Dilation and Uterine Curettage During the First-Trimester of Pregnancy. Journal of Pediatrics 1995;126:131-4.
Koskas M, Jerbi M, Boccara J, Trie A, Jannet D, Lejeune V et al. [Operative termination of pregnancy between 12 and 14 weeks' gestation: influence of the operator's experience]. J.Gynecol.Obstet.Biol.Reprod.(Paris) 2005;34:334-8.
Leethongdee S, Khalid M, Bhatti A, Ponglowhapan S, Kershaw CM, Scaramuzzi RJ. The effects of the prostaglandin E analogue Misoprostol and follicle-stimulating hormone on cervical penetrability in ewes during the peri-ovulatory period. Theriogenology 2007;67:767-77.
Li YT, Kuo TC, Kuan LC, Chu YC. Cervical softening with vaginal misoprostol before intrauterine device insertion. Int.J.Gynaecol.Obstet. 2005;89:67-8.
Malinowski A,.Bates SK. Semantics and pitfalls in the diagnosis of cornual/interstitial pregnancy. Fertil.Steril. 2006;86:1764.
Morales A, Sordia LH, Rosales E, Merino M, Saldivar D, Vidal O. The use of misoprostol before office hysteroscopy without anesthesia. A comparative study. Fertility and Sterility 2005;84:S467.
Patel A, Talmont E, Morfesis J, Pelta M, Gatter M, Momtaz MR et al. Adequacy and safety of buccal misoprostol for cervical preparation prior to termination of second-trimester pregnancy. Contraception 2006;73:420-30.
Poon LC,.Parsons J. Audit of the effectiveness of cervical preparation with Dilapan prior to late second-trimester (20-24 weeks) surgical termination of pregnancy. BJOG. 2007;114:485-8.
Pridmore BR,.Chambers DG. Uterine perforation during surgical abortion: a review of diagnosis, management and prevention. Aust.N.Z.J.Obstet.Gynaecol. 1999;39:349-53.
Rae DW, Smith FW, Templeton AA. Magnetic resonance imaging of the human cervix: a study of the effects of prostaglandins in the first trimester. Hum.Reprod. 2001;16:1744-7.
Saxena P, Salhan S, Sarda N. Sublingual versus vaginal route of misoprostol for cervical ripening prior to surgical termination of first trimester abortions. Eur.J.Obstet.Gynecol.Reprod.Biol. 2006;125:109-13.
Shveiky D, Rojansky N, Revel A, Benshushan A, Laufer N, Shushan A. Complications of hysteroscopic surgery: "Beyond the learning curve". Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology 2007;14:218-22.
Vaisanen-Tommiska M, Mikkola TS, Ylikorkala O. Misoprostol induces cervical nitric oxide release in pregnant, but not in nonpregnant, women. Am.J.Obstet.Gynecol. 2005;193:790-6.
Westfall JM, Sophocles A, Burggraf H, Ellis S. Manual vacuum aspiration for first-trimester abortion. Archives of Family Medicine 1998;7:559-62.
Xia EL, Duan H, Zhang J, Chen F, Wang SM, Zhang PJ et al. [Analysis of 16 cases of uterine perforation during hysteroscopic electro-surgeries]. Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke.Za Zhi. 2003;38:280-3.
Xu DB, Xue M, Cheng CX, Wan YJ. Hysteroscopy for the diagnosis and treatment of pathologic changes in the uterine cavity in women with an intact hymen. Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology 2006;13:222-4.
 
 
Cost-effectiveness
 
No articles identified
 
 
Basic Science
 
Aronsson A, Fiala C, Stephansson O, Granath F, Watzer B, Schweer H et al. Pharmacokinetic profiles up to 12 h after administration of vaginal, sublingual and slow-release oral misoprostol. Hum.Reprod. 2007;22:1912-8.
Fiala C, Aronsson A, Granath F, Stephansson O, Seyberth HW, Watzer B et al. Pharmacokinetics of a novel oral slow-release form of misoprostol. Hum.Reprod. 2005;20:3414-8.
Goldberg AB, Greenberg MB, Darney PD. Misoprostol and pregnancy. N.Engl.J.Med. 2001;344:38-47.
Khan RU, El Refaey H, Sharma S, Sooranna D, Stafford M. Oral, rectal, and vaginal pharmacokinetics of misoprostol. Obstet.Gynecol. 2004;103:866-70.
Lyons C, Beharry K, Akmal Y, Attenello F, Nageotte MP. In vitro response of prostaglandin E2 receptor (EP3) in the term pregnant rat uterus and cervix to misoprostol. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. 2003;70:317-29.
Rayburn W, Santana-Castaneda C, Izquierdo-Puente JC, Leon-Ochoa A, Plasse T, Di Spirito M. Pharmacokinetics of a controlled-release misoprostol vaginal insert in nulliparous patients. Journal of the Society for Gynecologic Investigation 2005;12:146A.
Schaff EA, DiCenzo R, Fielding SL. Comparison of misoprostol plasma concentrations following buccal and sublingual administration. Contraception 2005;71:22-5.
Sitruk-Ware R. Mifepristone and misoprostol sequential regimen side effects, complications and safety. Contraception 2006;74:48-55.
Tang OS, Schweer H, Seyberth HW, Lee SW, Ho PC. Pharmacokinetics of different routes of administration of misoprostol. Hum.Reprod. 2002;17:332-6.
Williams MC, Tsibris JC, Davis G, Baiano J, O'brien WF. Dose variation that is associated with approximated one-quarter tablet doses of misoprostol. Am.J.Obstet.Gynecol. 2002;187:615-9.
Zust S, Hosli I, Surbek D, Holzgreve W. [Adverse effects of misprostol in pregnancy]. Z.Geburtshilfe Neonatol. 2001;205:43-8.
 
 
Politics/ Licensing/ Ethics
 
No articles identified
 
Editorials/ Letters/ Opinions
 
Barik S,.Stewart P. Oral versus vaginal misoprostol for cervical priming. Br.J.Obstet.Gynaecol. 1997;104:644.
MacIsaac L. A randomized controlled trial of laminaria, oral misoprostol, and vaginal misoprostol before abortion - Reply. Obstetrics and Gynecology 1999;94:637.
Mifepristone: new preparation. Avoids or facilitates cervical dilatation before vacuum aspiration of pregnancy. Prescrire.Int. 2001;10:135-40.
 
Nzewi C. Oral versus self-administered vaginal misoprostol at home before surgical termination of pregnancy by Oppegaard et al. BJOG. 2006;113:979-80.
Penney GC. Oral versus vaginal misoprostol for cervical priming - Reply. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 1997;104:644.
Preutthipan S,.Herabutya Y. Vaginal misoprostol for cervical priming before operative hysteroscopy: A randomized controlled trial - In reply. Obstetrics and Gynecology 2001;97:641.
Scott P,.Magos A. Vaginal misoprostol for cervical priming before operative hysteroscopy: a randomized controlled trial. Obstet.Gynecol. 2001;97:640-1.
Sharma S,.El Refacy H. The use of misoprostol as a cervical ripening agent in operative hysteroscopy. Am.J.Obstet.Gynecol. 2003;188:297-8.
Soderstrom RM. Cervical priming with misoprostol. Contraception 2005;72:81-2.
Templeton A. Misoprostol for all? Br.J.Obstet.Gynaecol. 1998;105:937-9.
Thomas J,.Windrim R. The use of misoprostol as a cervical ripening agent in operative hysteroscopy - Reply. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2003;188:298.
 
 
Unspecified
 
Batioglu S, Zeyneloglu HB, Ergin T, Baltaci V, Haberal A. Use of intravaginal misoprostol for cervical dilatation in non-gravid uteri. Human Reproduction 1999;14:275.
Edwards D, Aitken RE, Begg AF, MacKay PM, Marchant RM. Predilatation of the cervix before suction curettage for therapeutic abortion in early pregnancy. Aust.N.Z.J.Obstet.Gynaecol. 1994;34:103-4.
Jin L, Fan GS, Li Y, Chen WL. [Effects of misoprostol for cervical soften in first-trimester suction abortion]. Zhonghua Yi.Xue.Za Zhi. 2005;85:926-7.
Li YT, Chen TH, Kuo TC. Cervical softening with vaginal misoprostol before hysterosalpingography. Eur.J.Obstet.Gynecol.Reprod.Biol. 2006.
Rivas J,.Anasti JN. The effects of vaginal lubricants on insertional pain and efficacy of misoprostol for cervical ripening. Obstetrics and Gynecology 2005;105:42S.
Stitely ML,.Satin AJ. Cervical ripening agents and uterine stimulants. Clin.Obstet.Gynecol. 2002;45:114-24.
Yun B, Kambin SP, Batzer FR. Buccal misoprostol for cervical ripening in office hysteroscopy. Obstetrics and Gynecology 2006;107:106S.